Том 48, № 6 (2017)

Spinning of nano- and microfibers from solutions of collagen hydrolysate, dibutyrylchitin, and their mixtures was studied under various conditions. Various electrospinning methods (electrocapillary, electrocentrifugal, Nanospider™) were compared and analyzed. Promising applications of non-woven materials in medicine and health and for clothing and shoe production were demonstrated.

The mechanics of twisted threads with rectilinear core, which serves to describe the failure of both individual components as well as the thread as a whole, is analyzed. The article proposes a hypothesis according to which obstruction of weak sites of the core thread by a contact load from the direction of the winding thread with loading of the composite (core-spun) thread may serve to account for the observed extremal variation in strength.

The dynamic characteristics of the process for imparting an electric charge to water-based lubricant droplets are examined.

An experimental plant for use in the study of the process of determining the heat capacity of textile materials is considered. The calorimetric experiment consists in finding the unknown quantity of heat absorbed by the calorimeter in the case of a measured temperature difference in the course of heat absorption.

Monofilaments based on polylactide (PLA) were produced under laboratory conditions by the melt technique. It was established that the developed materials meet the strength requirements of the standard GOST 31620-2012. On the basis of in vitro and in vivo tests it was shown that the surface of the materials is suitable for proliferation of the fibroblasts of human skin, and the obtained PLA monofilaments are suture materials with a long resorption period and are recommended for use in cases where continuing support of fabrics is required.

The structure of a multilayer pillow tubing blend was analyzed. The selected fabric structure was characterized by the use of two types of slightly twisted chemical fibers, carbon and quartz, and two types of basic weaving, irregular 4H satin and a linen variation. The structure of the multilayer combined cloth was studied.

The electret and filtering properties of polypropylene non-woven fabrics of various grades were investigated. It was found that the electret characteristics of the non-woven fabrics depended directly on their structural parameters, i.e., the greater the surface density of the material was, the greater its potential surface, effective surface charge density, and electric-field strength were. It was shown that the air permeability and filtering capacity decreased as the surface density of the polypropylene fabrics increased. The time to filter liquid perfumes increased for the electrets due to the generation of polarization charge as an energy barrier that was overcome by expending the driving force for spreading the liquid over the fiber surface and the increased dynamic viscosity of the liquids in the electric field of the corona electret. The filtrate obtained using electret fabrics was much purer than the control.

We have studied the characteristic features of deformation in aramid fabrics with different weaves during penetration by an indenter (in the form of a double-edged knife) at slow speed. We have established a relationship between the degree of binding of warp and weft yarns in the fabric and its resistance to stabbing with a knife. In order to achieve significant frictional interaction between yarns during penetration of the knife, yarns in one of the sets of yarns should be crimped as much as possible. The results obtained can be used in developing effective protection from a cold steel weapon.

The accuracy of diagnosis of metal structures using carbon fibers is considered. The results of testing the accuracy of the diagnostic signal of strain sensors based on carbon fibers are provided.

A compound electromechanical system for control of the self-weight of a carding machine is investigated. A functional diagram of the modernized system for control of the self-weight of a carding apparatus that assures a continuous regime of forming a blanket is developed. Requirements imposed on the electrical drives that assure a given intensity of the start-up and braking regimes as well as correction and matching of the linear velocities of fibrous product are formulated.