Which aging in yeast is “true”?

Аннотация

Two model systems, “replicative aging” and “chronological aging” (CA), which are used for gerontological research on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are compared. In the first case, the number of daughter cells generated by an individual mother cell before cell propagation irreversibly stops is analyzed. This makes the model very similar to the well-known Hayflick model. In the case of CA, the survival of yeast cell population in the stationary phase of growth is studied. It is noted that the second model is similar to the “stationary phase aging” model, which is used in the author’s laboratory for cytogerontological studies on animal and human cells. It is assumed that the concept of cell proliferation restriction as the main cause of age-related accumulation in the cells of multicellular organisms of macromolecular defects (primarily DNA damage) leading to deterioration of tissue and organ functioning and, as a result, to an increase in the death probability allows explaining how the aging process proceeds in almost any living organisms. Apparently, in all cases, this process is initiated by the appearance of slow propagating (or not propagating at all) cells, which leads to the termination of “dilution,” with the help of new cells, of macromolecular defects accumulating at the level of whole cell population. It is concluded that data on the geropromoter or geroprotector activity of various factors obtained in tests on the yeast CA model can be used with a high reliability to understand the mechanisms of human aging and longevity.