Activation of bacterial F-ATPase by LDAO: deciphering the molecular mechanism
- Authors: Bruman S.M.1, Zubareva V.M.1, Shugaeva T.E.1, Lapashina A.S.1, Feniouk B.A.1
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Affiliations:
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Issue: Vol 90, No 3 (2025)
- Pages: 414-429
- Section: Articles
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/0320-9725/article/view/294701
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0320972525030066
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/BKDKKR
- ID: 294701
Cite item
Abstract
Proton FOF1-ATP synthase catalyzes the formation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate coupled with transmembrane proton transfer using the energy of the proton motive force (pmf). As pmf falls, the direction of the reaction is reversed and the enzyme generates pmf, transferring protons across the membrane using the energy of ATP hydrolysis. The ATPase activity of the enzyme can be suppressed by ADP in a non-competitive manner (ADP-inhibition), and in a number of bacteria can be inhibited by the conformational changes of subunit ε regulatory C-terminal domain. Lauryldimethylamine oxide (LDAO), a zwitterionic detergent, is known to attenuate both aforementioned inhibitory mechanisms, stimulating a significant increase in the enzyme's ATPase activity. For this reason, LDAO is sometimes used for the semi-quantitative estimation of these regulatory mechanisms. However, the binding site of LDAO on ATP synthase remains unknown. The mechanism by which the detergent counteracts ADP-inhibition and inhibition by the ε subunit is also unclear. We performed molecular docking and predicted that LDAO binding might occur at the catalytic sites of ATP synthase, whether empty or containing nucleotides. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that LDAO could affect the mobility of a loop in the β subunit (residues β404-415 in Escherichia coli ATP synthase) near the catalytic site. Mutagenesis of the β409 residue in E. coli enzyme and the corresponding β419 residue in Bacillus subtilis ATP synthase revealed that the side chain type of this residue indeed affects LDAO-dependent stimulation of ATPase activity. We also found that LDAO activates the enzyme more strongly in the presence of 100 mM sulfate compared to sulfate-free media. This phenomenon is likely due to the enhancement of ADP-inhibition of the enzyme by sulfate.
Keywords
About the authors
S. M. Bruman
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Email: feniouk@belozersky.msu.ru
Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics
Russian Federation, 119234 MoscowV. M. Zubareva
Lomonosov Moscow State University; Lomonosov Moscow State University
Email: feniouk@belozersky.msu.ru
Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology
Russian Federation, 119234 Moscow; 119992 MoscowT. E. Shugaeva
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Email: feniouk@belozersky.msu.ru
Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics
Russian Federation, 119234 MoscowA. S. Lapashina
Lomonosov Moscow State University; Lomonosov Moscow State University
Email: feniouk@belozersky.msu.ru
Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology
Russian Federation, 119234 Moscow; 119992 MoscowB. A. Feniouk
Lomonosov Moscow State University; Lomonosov Moscow State University
Author for correspondence.
Email: feniouk@belozersky.msu.ru
Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology
Russian Federation, 119234 Moscow; 119992 MoscowReferences
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