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Том 59, № 12 (2016)
- Год: 2016
- Статей: 8
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/1068-364X/issue/view/13929
Coal
Selection of nonclinkering and poorly clinkering coal for industrial use
Аннотация
The identification of nonclinkering and poorly clinkering coal suited to industrial use is of great importance. The classification of such coal by applicability is discussed. Criteria are needed for the selection of dual-purpose coals, with both fuel and nonfuel uses, within the framework of State Standard GOST 25543–2013.
441-443
Associations and parageneses of microelements in coal
Аннотация
Microelements present in coal may be chemically bound with organic matter or with mineral impurities (clastic and authigenic minerals). Analytical data present the total (gross) content of microelements in coal. Such microelements are generally present in associations. In addition, some chemical elements accumulate in the coal on account of their content in organic matter; they constitute a paragenesis. In predicting the content of rare metals in coal deposits and in their extraction from the coal, it is important to establish the parageneses of the microelements—in other words, to distinguish the parageneses from associations of microelements. Such microelements may create anomalous concentrations in the coal. The present work establishes the characteristics of associations and parageneses of microelements in coal and proposes a statistical method for distinguishing parageneses from associations. The method is illustrated for data regarding Baikal coal deposits; it proves very effective.
444-450
Coke
Operational experience with coke battery 5 at OAO Altai-Koks
Аннотация
Coke battery 5 at OAO Altai -Koks, which went into operation in October 2006, is one of the most powerful and advanced in Russia and its immediate neighbors. Therefore, operational experience at this coke battery is of great value for other coke plants.
451-455
Chemistry
Coal tar pitch use for utilisation of phenolic resin waste
Аннотация
The thermal destruction of phenolic resin in coal tar pitch at 320–420°C in a batch reactor is studied. The destruction products of the phenolic resin are identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The characteristics of coal tar pitch are determined after the destruction of the phenolic resin.
456-460
Influence of the recirculation of high-boiling oil fractions in shale processing
Аннотация
The thermolysis of shale (regular shale from the Kenderlyk field in Kazakhstan) with the recirculation of high-boiling shale-oil fractions (above 340°C) in a system with a solid heat source is investigated by balance analysis. Such recirculation boosts the quality of the shale oil obtained. It is characterized by lower density, lower sulfur content, and higher yield of the light fractions employed in automobile fuels (gasoline and diesel fuel).
461-465
Organization of Production
Selecting the optimal topology for the water-gas shift process for syngas produced by lignite gasification
Аннотация
The paper focuses on the problem of selecting the optimal topology for the water-gas shift process for the subsequent synthesis of methanol and higher alcohols. The process uses synthesis gas produced by lignite gasification. The proposed methodology employs the information approach to the creation of highly organized systems in chemical technology, so that optimization can be considered for the process of adding elements to the system step-by-step based on analysis of the organization criteria. The optimal solution is to combine gasification with two-stage high-temperature conversion on the basis of a topology in which two-stage heating precedes the first stage so as to ensure the required optimal temperatures. The optimal conversion topology is integrated with gasification to form a unified system, so as to ensure the required heating of the gasification agents.
466-470
Industrial Safety
Assessing the carcinogenicity of carbon-bearing binders
Аннотация
Methods of determining the carcinogenicity of carbon-bearing binders in terms of their benzo[a]pyrene content and the benzo[a]pyrene emissions in binder carbonization at temperatures up to 850°C are considered. In the laboratory, CARBORES-T and CARBORES-P binders with reduced benzo[a]pyrene content are studied, as well as the industrial carbon pitch from which they are derived. It is found that predicting the carcinogenicity of carbon-bearing binders in terms of their benzo[a]pyrene content is unsatisfactory, largely because the formation and emission of benzo[a]pyrene on binder heating is ignored. Quantitative determination of the benzo[a]pyrene emission in the carbonization of the binders may be regarded as a more reliable and more universal method. It may be used to compare the carcinogenicity of products derived from coal and petroleum, as well as binders that do not contain benzo[a]pyrene.
471-477
Influence of the amine structure on the combustion and explosion of vapor–air mixtures
Аннотация
The enthalpy of formation and combustion is calculated for 15 aliphatic amines by various methods. These characteristics depend on the number of carbon atoms and the number of amino groups in the amine molecule. The combustion parameters are calculated when P = 1 atm and V = const, for mixtures of aliphatic amines with air. The adiabatic combustion temperature of mixtures of limiting composition is practically independent of the amine structure. The calculated values of the maximum pressure exceed 1000 kPa.
478-482