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Том 61, № 12 (2018)
- Год: 2018
- Статей: 5
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/1068-364X/issue/view/13979
Coal
Structure of Carbon Sorbents Produced from Coal
Аннотация
Samples of coal and sorbents derived from coal are investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The results show that a three-dimensionally ordered carbon structure is obtained after carbonization of the initial coal. The sorbents are morphologically similar, regardless of the method of synthesis employed. The degree of graphitization is 12.9 ± 2%.
463-468
Coke
New Development in the Dry Quenching of Coke
Аннотация
On the basis of experimental and operational data, the basic parameters and Danilin criterion d of systems for the dry quenching of coke are established, and a method is developed for calculating their basic technological and operational characteristics, including the diameter of the quenching chamber, the dust content of the circulating gases beyond the quenching chamber, and the composition and characteristics of the dust-trapping and energy equipment. A classification is proposed for existing and prospective components of the dry-quenching system on the basis of the Danilin system. This system employs the Danilin diagram, which permits the development of dry-quenching systems with low dust content of the circulating gases beyond the quenching chamber. That opens a new level of design, permitting the creation of economical and reliable dry-quenching systems, without the need for a dust-collection bunker ahead of the waste-heat boilers (Danilin dry-quenching system of class C) and without the need for that bunker or dust-trapping cyclones ahead of the blast fan (Danilin dry-quenching system of class D). That improves the economics of dry quenching.
469-482
Influence of Pressure in the Coking of Heavy Oil Tar and Asphalt on the Coke Properties and Structure
Аннотация
The production of petroleum coke from heavy oil tar and from asphalt (derived from heavy oil tar by means of propane) at excess pressures of 0.15, 0.25, and 0.35 MPa is considered. The influence of the coking pressure on the physicochemical properties (moisture content, ash content, yield of volatiles, etc.) of the resulting petroleum coke is studied. The coke from heavy oil tar is compared with the coke from asphalt in terms of quality. The petroleum coke meets all the requirements in State Standard GOST 22898–78. Its moisture content is no more than 3.0%; its yield of volatiles is no more than 6–8%; and its ash content is no more than 0.30–0.80%.
483-488
Chemistry
Production of Isotropic Coke from Shale: Composition of Oxidation Products from Shale-Tar Distillation Residues
Аннотация
The influence of thermal oxidation on the mesogenic properties of the atmospheric-distillation residue of shale tar was considered in a previous article [1]. It was found that thermal oxidation depresses the mesogenic properties of the (α + β) fraction but boosts the mesogenic properties of the γ fraction. In the present work, attention focuses on the change in structural and group (fractional) composition of the atmospheric-distillation residue and its individual components in the course of thermal oxidation, in terms of the impact on the mesogenic properties. Thermal oxidation decreases the hydrogen content in the atmospheric-distillation residue and increases the aromatic content of its γ fraction. For the (α + β) fraction, the increase in aromatic content is considerable only for high-temperature oxidation. In addition, decrease in the content of aliphatic hydrogen is observed primarily in α positions with respect to the aromatic rings and double bonds. For the γ fraction, the change in the proportion of aromatic hydrogen in the course of thermal oxidation is analogous to the change in mean size of the structural elements described in [1]. In this paper the next denotations are made: isooctane-soluble fraction is denoted as γ fraction, isooctane-insoluble-toluene-soluble is denoted as β fraction, toluene-insoluble-quinoline-soluble is denoted as α fraction, the fraction insoluble in quinoline, pyridine and carbon disulfide is denoted as α1 fraction.
489-498
Isolation and Processing of Phenanthrene from Coking Tar
Аннотация
The isolation of phenanthrene from coking tar by recrystallization from a selective solvent is considered. Optimal production conditions are identified. Purified phenanthrene is obtained by recrystallization from white spirit in three stages. The oxidative processing of the purified phenanthrene is described. Applications of the oxidation products are noted. On that basis, small-scale production of more than ten products is possible.
499-502