Activity and Electrophoretic Spectra of Enzymes in Soy Leaves Affected by the Pathogens of Various Trophic Groups

Resumo

The resistance of soybean plants to the damaging effect of pathogens with different types of trophicity is determined not only by their genetic nature but also by various physiological and biochemical mechanisms. Therefore, the study was aimed at investigating the activity of enzymes (peroxidase, catalase, and acid phosphatase) in the leaves of the soybean Garmoniya cultivar with moderate resistance, Sonata cultivar susceptible to septoriosis, and Dauriya cultivar strongly affected by peronosporosis. It was shown that the infection of soybean leaves with hemibiotroph (Septoria glycines) or biotroph (Perenospora manshurica) depends on the plant genotype and leads to an increase in peroxidase activity in moderately resistant varieties and a decrease in the activity of catalase and acid phosphatase in all cultivars studied. The causative agent of septoriosis leads to an increase in the heterogeneity of peroxidase and a decrease in the heterogeneity of catalase and acid phosphatase, while the causative agent of peronosporosis does not induce any changes in the electrophoretic spectra of catalase and acid phosphatase in soybean leaves. The data obtained indicate that the rate and direction of enzyme activity is determined by the genotype of soybean and by the type of trophicity of the pathogen.