Gender and age-specific patterns of ambulance calls in Khanty-Mansiysk depending on the epidemiological situation

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The number of ambulance calls serves as an objective indicator of the disruption in population health associated with maladaptation or an increase in health disorders in harsh conditions of the North. This becomes especially apparent when the epidemiological situation shifts, highlighting the importance of this issue.

AIM: To study the gender- and age-specific patterns of emergency calls for ambulance services in the population of Khanty-Mansiysk during varying epidemiological conditions using long-term monitoring data.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data on daily counts of ambulance calls was obtained from the for the period from 2015 to 2021 stratified by age and gender. The data were analyzed using wavelet analysis.

RESULTS: When analyzing gender disparities during a pandemic, the coefficient representing the ratio of calls made by women to men decreased as the number of calls made by men increased. The distribution of calls by age revealed two distinct risk groups: young children and older adults. During the pandemic, there were no significant qualitative changes in the distribution of calls. Several scenarios of desynchronosis induced by the COVID-19 pandemic were identified. In infants, the changes in the epidemiological situation did not affect constant rhythms. The changes in the constant circadian rhythms to long-term and intercalary intra-annual rhythms were observed among children and youth. In adolescents and young adults, the pandemic acted as a synchronizer. In older age-groups, the circadian rhythms were maintained throughout the entire period. The period of the pandemic was characterized by addition of rhythms with a shorter period.

CONCLUSION: The distribution of ambulance calls across age-groups is characterized by the presence of two distinct risk groups — early childhood and the 2nd adult age. During the pandemic, the structure of calls did not demonstrate qualitative changes. The COVID-19 pandemic was a desynchronizing factor in the temporal structure of health disorders affecting long-term and near-annual rhythms and inducing the intercalary intra-annual rhythms.

About the authors

O. N. Ragozin

Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy; Nizhnevartovsk State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: oragozin@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5318-9623
SPIN-code: 7132-3844

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor

Russian Federation, 40 Mira str., Hanty-Mansijsk, 628011

A. B. Gudkov

Northern State Medical University

Email: gudkovab@nsmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5923-0941
SPIN-code: 4369-3372

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor

Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk

E. Yu. Shalamova

Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy

Email: selenzik@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5201-4496
SPIN-code: 8125-9359

Dr. Sci. (Biology), associate professor

Russian Federation, Khanty-Mansiysk

I. A. Pogonysheva

Nizhnevartovsk State University

Email: severina.i@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5759-0270
SPIN-code: 6095-8392

Cand. Sci. (Biology), associate professor

Russian Federation, Nizhnevartovsk

E. R. Ragozinа

Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy

Email: elinka1000@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0199-2948

postgraduate student

Russian Federation, Khanty-Mansiysk

D. A. Pogonyshev

Nizhnevartovsk State University

Email: d.pogonyshev@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8815-1556
SPIN-code: 1179-9674

Cand. Sci. (Biology), associate professor

Russian Federation, Nizhnevartovsk

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Wavelet spectrogram of constant and intercalary rhythms of calls of the population of Khanty-Mansiysk for the EMS for the period from 2015 to 2021: 1 — circumannual rhythm (constant); 2 — two-year rhythm (constant); 3 — three-year rhythm (intercalary); 4 — three-month (intercalary).

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3. Fig. 2. Average daily counts of ambulance calls in Khanty-Mansiysk by age groups for the period from 2015 to 2021: 1 — newborns; 2 — infants; 3 — early childhood; 4 — first childhood; 5 — second childhood; 6 — adolescence; 7 — youth; 8 — the first adult age; 9 — the second adult age; 10 — elderly; 11 — senile; 12 — centenarians.

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4. Fig. 3. Distribution of constant and insertion (quantized) rhythms of the indicator of the ambulance calls in Khanty-Mansiysk in the period from 2015 to 2021 across age-groups. Placement of the rhythm symbols in the cell along the vertical characterizes the dynamics of the energy (amplitude) of the rhythm from maximum to minimum.

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