劳动年龄段男性残疾人对劳动负荷适应过程结局的预测可能性
- 作者: Nagovitsyna E.A.1, Vasilyeva N.N.1
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隶属关系:
- Izhevsk State Medical Academy
- 期: 卷 32, 编号 5 (2025)
- 页面: 315-323
- 栏目: ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/1728-0869/article/view/314591
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/humeco643551
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/RGOJXG
- ID: 314591
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论证。对残疾人而言,就业不仅是康复和融入社会的重要途径,也是一种伴随多种技术性和社会心理因素的应激性负荷。鉴于残疾人对自身身份的特殊感知,逐步形成了一套针对劳动负荷的动态适应性调节机制。因此,劳动适应过程的研究不仅应涵盖社会心理层面,如多数文献所述,还应综合评估机体调节系统的状态。
目的。探讨预测劳动年龄段男性残疾人对劳动负荷适应过程结局的可能性。
材料与方法。研究对象为59名劳动年龄段的男性残疾人。这些受试者在专门设立的职业康复与能力重建中心接受了劳动实践训练。采用罗杰斯–戴蒙德量表评估社会心理适应水平,测量形态计量指标(体重、身高、肺活量、血压、脉搏),并记录心动周期参数,分析其波动性指标(SI、HF、LF、VLF、LF/HF)。
结果。心动周期波动指标动态比较显示,LF/HF比值显著升高(p < 0.001),提示适应机制处于紧张状态,植物神经张力向交感神经主导方向偏移。但在后续分析中记录到的VLF%指标的动态升高(p = 0.045),表明内脏功能的超节段调节机制开始介入。 社会心理适应性评估未见显著差异。形态计量指标的评估是根据劳动负荷后通过心动周期变异分析确定的调节系统紧张综合指标进行的。分析通过构建ROC曲线进行,结果揭示了残疾人年龄和体质指数的临界值。因此,这些指标可视为调节系统对劳动负荷产生不良反应的预测因子。因此,如果残疾人就业时年龄达到或超过35岁,则有80%的概率(p = 0.005)可预测其适应机制将出现紧张反应,作为对劳动负荷的反应。类似的关联也见于体质指数:如果残疾人入职时其体质指数达到或超过26,则有80%的概率(p = 0.004)会出现自主神经失衡。
结论。揭示了劳动年龄段男性残疾人对劳动负荷的适应机制特征。所得数据可用于预测内脏调节系统对劳动负荷的紧张反应,并可在实践中用于制定有效的工作与休息制度、每周工作安排及劳动强度等级。全面的生物—心理—社会整合模式对于全面评估残疾人适应机制至关重要,既能确保其就业具有康复性质,也能为用人单位带来经济上的合理回报。
作者简介
Elena A. Nagovitsyna
Izhevsk State Medical Academy
编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: elena34nv@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7062-9988
SPIN 代码: 5539-4595
俄罗斯联邦, Izhevsk
Natalia N. Vasilyeva
Izhevsk State Medical Academy
Email: doctornava@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3772-3395
SPIN 代码: 3899-4753
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)
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