矿工工作场所有害生产因素作用水平的自我评估
- 作者: Zibarev E.V.1, Vostrikova S.M.1, Kravchenko O.K.1, Bessonova A.K.1, Nikonova S.M.2
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隶属关系:
- Scientific Research Institute of Occupational Health n.a. academician N.F. Izmerov
- All-Russian Research Institute of Labor
- 期: 卷 32, 编号 7 (2025)
- 页面: 504-516
- 栏目: ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/1728-0869/article/view/327436
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/humeco685787
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/SUPTRD
- ID: 327436
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全文:
详细
论证。劳动条件特别评估方法并不能充分、客观地识别矿工工作场所中的有害和(或)危险生产因素,难以全面考虑其实际水平以及与采矿条件、区域气候和某一阶段劳动强度相关的工作特性。问卷调查能够补充对劳动条件的认识,可将所得数据用于在劳动条件特别评估框架下识别有害和(或)危险生产因素,并可用于评估个体劳动者对其长期工作环境的感知。
目的。评估矿工工作场所有害和(或)危险生产因素的识别客观性及其水平,并根据问卷调查结果明确劳动与休息制度的特点,以及医疗保障状况。
材料与方法。开展了一项横断面研究,对来自Kemerovo area某矿山的257名工人进行了问卷调查,并在同一时间点评估生产因素的普遍性和劳动条件的特征。建立并分析了数据库,其中包括以下内容:在工作场所接触有害和(或)危险生产因素时的潜在作用水平、所使用的工具和设备、劳动与休息制度、卫生与生活条件以及工人的健康状况。进一步确定了矿工劳动中各类有害和(或)危险生产因素的重要性,对其进行了排序,并评估了其对健康的影响。
结果。根据其严重程度及对健康影响的程度排序,有害和(或)危险生产因素依次为:以成纤维作用为主的气溶胶(3.4分)、劳动过程强度(3.4分)、噪声(3.3分)、微气候 (3.1分)、局部振动(2.9分)、紧张度(2.9分)、全身振动(2.6分)、化学因素(2.2分)。最不利的劳动条件出现在掘进工和综采工中。73.1%的矿工表示工作对其健康产生不良影响,其中23%自评健康状况为尚可,20%为重度或极重度。
结论。本研究结果具有科学和实践意义,提供了关于矿工不同职业群体在工作场所中实际可识别的有害生产因素的最新数据。研究强调了制定个体化的卫生学与医学预防措施的重要性,以降低可避免的职业风险,并为选择预防性工作的优先方向提供依据。
作者简介
Evgeny V. Zibarev
Scientific Research Institute of Occupational Health n.a. academician N.F. Izmerov
编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: zibarev@irioh.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5983-3547
SPIN 代码: 8367-0651
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor
俄罗斯联邦, MoscowSvetlana M. Vostrikova
Scientific Research Institute of Occupational Health n.a. academician N.F. Izmerov
Email: vostrikovasveta@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1211-2926
SPIN 代码: 9903-1505
Cand. Sci. (Economics)
俄罗斯联邦, MoscowOlga K. Kravchenko
Scientific Research Institute of Occupational Health n.a. academician N.F. Izmerov
Email: kravchenko_ok@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6509-2485
SPIN 代码: 7296-5908
MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)
俄罗斯联邦, MoscowAnna K. Bessonova
Scientific Research Institute of Occupational Health n.a. academician N.F. Izmerov
Email: bessankonsta@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-7215-0095
SPIN 代码: 8631-1898
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow
Sofia M. Nikonova
All-Russian Research Institute of Labor
Email: sofianikonova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0036-6603
SPIN 代码: 1680-7261
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow
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