现代视角下越野滑雪运动员外呼吸功能： 支气管收缩、季节与运动能力

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本综述系统梳理了关于作为耐力型运动员代表的越野滑雪运动员在体力负荷过程中外呼吸与通气系统适应与失适应的现有研究。近年来，有研究指出外呼吸系统可能在一定程度上限制运动员的体能水平和竞技表现，但相关研究数量仍然有限，且部分结果存在不一致性。综述既涵盖了较为公认的变化，如体力负荷诱发的气道支气管收缩，也涉及认识相对不足的现象，例如越野滑雪运动员外呼吸功能的季节性动态变化。研究显示，在干燥寒冷气候条件下训练的职业越野滑雪运动员中，体力负荷诱发的支气管收缩较为常见，其可表现为两种形式：哮喘型和非哮喘型。同时，揭示支气管收缩对运动员耐力水平影响的研究仍然不足。越野滑雪运动员在体力负荷条件下呼吸储备的动态变化可作为反映呼吸系统对训练适应或失适应状态的有价值指标。此外，已证实外呼吸功能指标存在年度动态变化，在研究开展及肺活量测定结果的解读中应予以考虑。本综述首次尝试对外呼吸系统限制运动员体能的潜在机制进行综合分析。被认为在体力负荷过程中限制越野滑雪运动员氧摄取的关键因素包括：呼吸肌与运动肌群的疲劳、低氧血症的发生以及呼气气流受限。这些数据对于制定更有效的肺功能障碍预防策略、以维持运动员较高水平的体能状态具有重要意义。

作者简介

Alla K. Veselik

Institute of Physiology of the Federal Center of Research the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: veselik.ak@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8376-7570
SPIN 代码: 4473-8093
俄罗斯联邦, Syktyvkar

Nina G. Varlamova

Institute of Physiology of the Federal Center of Research the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: nivarlam@physiol.komisc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1444-4684
SPIN 代码: 6023-5441

Dr. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Syktyvkar

Evgeny R. Bojko

Institute of Physiology of the Federal Center of Research the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: boiko60@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8027-898X
SPIN 代码: 5402-8176

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Syktyvkar

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