Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Economics. Management. Law
ISSN (print): 1994-2540, ISSN (online): 2542-1956
Founder: Saratov State University
Editor-in-Chief: Ogurtsova Elena Vyacheslavovna, kandidate. econ. Sciences, Associate Professor
Frequency / Access: 4 issues per year / Open
Included in: Higher Attestation Commission List, RISC
The journal is registered in the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology, and Mass Media (Roskomnadzor). Registration PI № FS77-76645 of 26 August, 2019.
Aims and Scope. The central aim of the journal is assistance to the development of scientific research in the field of economics, management, law and promotion of the results of Russian scientific research in the global scientific and information space.
Objectives of the journal: discussion of current problems of economic and legal sciences, theoretical achievements and the possibilities of their use for the development of the country; publication of articles containing the results of original theoretical and experimental research works in the field of economics, management and law.
The Journal is a scientific theoretical periodical peer-reviewed journal, it accept for publication theoretical, methodological, discussion, critical articles containing new and original research results in the field of economic theory, economics, management and law.
The Journal acceps for publication: general theoretical, methodological, debatable, critical scientific materials containing new original research results in the field of economic theory, economics, management and law, as well as scientific reviews, summaries and critiques in Russian and English.
The journal covers theoretical problems and applied aspects of socio-economic development of Russia and its regions; problems of economic theory, economics and management of the national industry; finance, money circulation and credit, accounting, economic statistics; mathematical and instrumental methods of economy analysis; world economy, as well as theory and history of law and the state, constitutional, municipal, civil, entrepreneurial, international, private, labor, administrative, financial, information law and social security law.
The Editorial Board of the Journal «Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law» adheres to the Publishing Ethics of the Journal «Izvestiya of Saratov University». Editorial Board organizes an independent peer-review of scientific articles, conducts an overall examination of issues and is responsible for the quality of published materials.
The content is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0).
Indexing:
Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources (ROAD)
Journal Themes:
Economics, including economic theory, history of economics and economical science; sectoral and regional economics; world economy; firm economics; economics of industry markets; public finance, corporate finance, insurance and banking; investments; management problems; application of mathematical and instrumental methods in economics.
Law, including theory and history of the state and law; theory and practice of the constitution and constitutionalism, legal regulation in the field of public administration, financial activities, information (digital) technologies and information protection, environmental protection, nature management, land relations and urban planning; private law, procedural relations in the field of civil and arbitration proceedings; criminal and penal law, criminology, forensic expertise.
The Journal is included in the K1 Quartile of the List of leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications recommended for publication of the main scientific results of dissertations for the degrees of Doctor of Sciences and Candidate of Sciences.
Current Issue
Vol 23, No 4 (2023)
Articles
Contradictions of the migration relations system: Research methodology
Abstract
Introduction. Modern conditions in the sphere of international relations are characterized by the growth of global instability, confrontation and competition of world powers, the conduct of hostilities during the special military operation in Ukraine caused by the need to protect the national and state interests of Russia. In the sphere of migration relations for Russia, these conditions are reflected both in the mass “anti-war” emigration from Russia and in the large-scale influx of refugees from the war-torn territories of Ukraine. All this has actualized the problem of migration relations, including their regulation in the process of implementing migration policy. The need to regulate the current migration situation makes it necessary to identify migration contradictions and find adequate forms of resolving these contradictions. Theoretical analysis. The article proposes a methodology for studying the contradictions of the migration relations system, based on the unity of systemic and dialectical methods. Consideration of migration relations as a system consisting of political, legal, economic, psychological, cultural, ethical and other relations made it possible to define the migration relations’ contradiction object, which lies in the population’s territorial displacement, and to characterize the subjects and objects of contradictions in relation to each specific element of the migration relations system. The application of a categorical approach to the study of migration causes and consequences allowed us to show the specific features of various categories of migrants, including forced migrants, political and ideological emigrants, labor migrants. Results. The study of the migration relations system contradictions in relation to each element and to each level of this system allowed us to come to the conclusion that, due to the interdisciplinarity of the problem, finding adequate forms of resolving the contradictions of this system in the process of developing and implementing migration policy involves consolidating the eff orts of various social science representatives and those of all the migration relations system elements’ subjects, of civil society institutions and public authorities at all levels.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Economics. Management. Law. 2023;23(4):368-378
368-378
Food policy and economic security of the Russian agricultural sector: Institutional analysis experience
Abstract
Introduction. The need to adapt agriculture to the conditions of a turbulent external environment requires an increase in the efficiency of state regulation. Solving this problem should be based on rethinking the theoretical and methodological base of the modern food policy effectiveness study from the point of view of institutional analysis. Theoretical analysis. An ordered set of formal and informal institutions constitutes the institutional structure of the agro-food complex. Institutional analysis allows us to answer the question of how modern institutions set exactly the framework for the functioning of the agri-food complex that meets the goals and objectives of its economic security. The elements of institutional analysis include a description of the institute’s content and its functions, the identification of the institute’s evolution patterns and institutional conflicts, the evaluation of the institute’s effectiveness. This makes it possible to build the trajectory of the institute’s transformation in the context of ensuring the economic security of the agricultural sector. Empirical analysis. Modern institutional environment of the agro-industrial complex is characterized by significant deformations under the influence of formal norms and rules, as well as under the influence of their partial replacement by informal institutions, which negatively affects the effectiveness of state regulation and leads to an increase in transaction costs. A detailed analysis of the budget support institute indicates an insufficient level of its complementarity with other institutions, its replacement by an informal institution of “proximity to power”, which leads to regional asymmetry and infringement of the small agribusiness interests in the subsidies distribution. Insufficient amount of support, lack of budget expenditures transparency, their being low-oriented on technological, innovative modernization, form the priority of economic stability over development, create traps of inertial development. Results. Due to low effectiveness of formal institutions for the development of the agricultural sector, the improvement of food policy is of paramount importance. Under the increasing influence of informal institutions, a “hybrid” food policy will be formed. Under these conditions, the trajectory of the agrarian economy institutional environment development is modernization based on inclusive institutions, which will provide a model of sustainable development and economic security of the agricultural sector.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Economics. Management. Law. 2023;23(4):379-390
379-390
Synergistic effects of interaction between economic agents
Abstract
Introduction. In economics, all processes and phenomena are constantly changing and interacting. There are new connections, interdependencies, as well as new interactions. Due to the changed structure of the economy, it is important to reveal the types of economic entities’ interactions (agents of the economy). They lead to a variety of synergistic effects. Analyzing these interactions and the resulting synergetic effects is an important task of the study. This is the relevance of the research topic. Theoretical analysis. There are several aspects of the “interaction” category: as a peculiarity of the system, as a process, as a form of communication, and as an element of the systems’ movement and its components. Depending on different criteria, different types of interactions in the economic system are indicated. At the same time, various synergistic effects arise, both positive and negative. The analysis of the positive synergistic effects transformation into negative ones, and vice versa, may be of particular interest. The idea is substantiated that the increasing turbulence of the economy can turn some positive processes into negative ones. The reverse transformation is also possible. Empirical analysis. The positive and negative synergetic effects in the pre- and post-pandemic period are considered based on the analysis of the actual data of Russian economy functioning over a number of years. It is shown that they are systemic in nature. Results. It is proved that positive synergetic effects reflect the positive dynamics of the economic system development, and negative ones are associated with negative processes in this system and, as a rule, have a destructive effect on the country’s economy. Their mutual influence and interrelation is reflected. The idea is substantiated that a new law may appear – the law of the transformation of negative synergetic effects into positive effects and vice versa.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Economics. Management. Law. 2023;23(4):391-397
391-397
Regional and sectoral economy of technological sovereignty of Russia
Abstract
Introduction. The current state of economic development is due to a long period of spatial infrastructure formation, which is the basis for the formation of a state policy actual concept in its priority areas. The socio-economic strategy of the Russian Federation is currently, for objective reasons, associated with the implementation of the import substitution program. The issue of creating a concept for the formation of technological sovereignty as the main driver of the development of the regional, sectoral economy and the economy of the country as a whole is outlined in the current agenda. Theoretical analysis. The unprecedented economic sanctions imposed against Russia were aimed at weakening Russia’s role on a global scale. The response was the announcement of an immediate course of state policy aimed at intensifying the technical and technological development of the country. Since 2005, the Russian Federation has formed not only import substitution mechanisms, but also created its own innovative infrastructure for the implementation of the spatial economic development strategy. Empirical analysis. Research in the field of the technological sovereignty concept formation has allowed us to formulate a number of global problems and challenges to be solved. The basis of the conceptual presentation were the strategic directions of scientific and technological development formulated by the President of Russia for the period up to 2030. The revitalization of the domestic system is the starting point for building internal potential and establishing stable foreign economic relations. Results. Having considered the existing forms and mechanisms of economic space formation, it became possible to identify the main sites on the basis of which priority strategic directions of development will be implemented. The key tasks in achieving technological sovereignty are to change the system of personnel training, the formation of technological and scientific potentials, the creation of an ecosystem of interaction of various representatives, the implementation of a cluster approach in industry and the creation of investment attractiveness in the regions. As a regulatory mechanism for achieving technological sovereignty, the formation of approaches to the definition of the concept of “technoeconomics” as a new sector in the economic space to achieve the fundamental stability of the Russian economy is proposed.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Economics. Management. Law. 2023;23(4):398-410
398-410
Comparative statistical analysis of industrial development in post-Soviet countries for the period 1990–2021
Abstract
Introduction. Despite the transition of economic systems to a digital economy, today industry is a driver of the development of the economy of any country, and accordingly, consideration of the development peculiarities of this sphere in post-Soviet countries is of scientific interest. Hence, the purpose of the study is to analyze the industry development dynamics in the post-Soviet countries in the period of 1990–2021. Materials and methods. In the course of the study, methods such as analysis and synthesis, tabular and graphical, relative and average values were used. Results. At the start of the market transformation, post-Soviet countries had high industrial potential, while the share of the GVA industry in the GDP of each subject was above 20%. As we move away from 1990, more post-Soviet countries are showing a tendency to reduce the GVA ratio, which is due to the combination of factors, the main of which is the impact of the transformational transition and subsequent crises. The best results in hydrocarbon production are shown by countries with natural resource deposits: Russia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan, the rest of the post-Soviet countries have near-zero production indicators, which reduces their ability to invest “petrodollars” in other sectors of the economy. Indirectly, the import structure shows problems in the manufacturing industry, in which in 2021 the import of machinery and equipment prevails in almost all post-Soviet countries. Conclusions. Summarizing the results obtained during the study, we can draw a general conclusion based on the results of the analysis: having some accumulated (formed) capital in industry, the post-Soviet countries were unable to convert it into sustainable development of their economic systems and at the moment are largely forced to rely on imports of machinery, equipment and vehicles. The findings will be useful to researchers in the field of post-Soviet countries’ integration and disintegration
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Economics. Management. Law. 2023;23(4):411-419
411-419
Digital economy formation and development at the regional level
Abstract
Introduction. Researchers around the world are in search of new sources and drivers of economic development and growth. In this regard, digital economy is becoming one of the main internal factors stimulating the economic activity of the country and its regions. Therefore, its emergence, development and measurement are becoming a priority at present. Theoretical analysis. It is important to note that the formation and development of digital economy is associated with the main trends in economic development that have developed as a result of the third and fourth industrial revolutions. In this way, digital economy reflects the transition from the third to the fourth industrial revolution. Industrial revolutions are associated with a radical change in old technological modes and the emergence of completely new technologies that have a huge impact and contribute to the transformation of the economy and other areas. Empirical analysis. In the course of the study, the process of digital transformation was considered not only at the national level, but also at the level of the regions of the Russian Federation. It was revealed that digitalization within the country, in some regions, is extremely uneven. There is a small group of leading cities with a high level of digital development, and there are many regions that lag behind, in which the population has limited access to modern technologies. In addition to the gap in access to digital technologies and the Internet, there is an inequality in digital competencies, knowledge and skills of users, and ways of using technology. Results. In current reality, in order to ensure their development, competitiveness on the world stage, maintain sovereignty and national security, as well as to improve the standard of living and well-being of the population, states need to stimulate the digitalization of the economy and other spheres of society, approaching this comprehensively and systematically, develop roadmaps and national programs for the development of digital economy, follow their transition to digital economy and use foreign countries experience in the formation of its ecosystem. Their analysis will make it possible to compare and assess the level of digitalization in Russia, to develop recommendations for faster and higher quality digital development.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Economics. Management. Law. 2023;23(4):420-427
420-427
Artificial intelligence technologies: Classification, limitations, prospects and threats
Abstract
Introduction. Solving the problems of increasing labor productivity, creating transparency of key business processes, and creating new production facilities require not only new production technologies, but the organization of information processes, such as collection, storage, processing, analysis, and issuing responses to requests for information accompanying production processes. One of the most promising tools for solving these problems is AI technologies. Theoretical analysis. A classification of artificial intelligence technologies is presented, the following areas are highlighted: machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, expert systems, advanced planning, speech recognition, robotics. The characteristics of the main technologies within the selected classification are given. To describe the limitations of the artificial intelligence development, the following levels of development limitation were used: physical implementation, safety of use, interaction with the environment, level of recognition, and the possibility of self-actualization. Prospects and risks are structured as sets of similar levels, complemented by a level of energy analysis. Conclusion. It has been revealed that to ensure the development of Society 5.0, it is necessary to create innovative platforms and mega-regional clusters for cooperation between authorities, entrepreneurs, and research centers in the field of artificial intelligence technologies.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Economics. Management. Law. 2023;23(4):428-438
428-438
Some reflections on the 20th anniversary of the Federal Law “On the General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation”
Abstract
Introduction. Legal regulation in the fi eld of local self-government has been carried out by the key Federal Law “On the General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation" for twenty years. It is periodically criticized due to numerous adjustments, and, after the 2020 amendments to the Russian Constitution, its “resignation” was already predicted. However, the bill prepared to replace it did not stand up to criticism and died out in the State Duma. Against this background, there is a reason to comprehend and evaluate the current law from the standpoint of the relevance of extending its “legal life”. Theoretical analysis. It has been revealed that, from its inception, local self-government has undergone numerous changes dictated by the needs of the state. They are based on the balance of interests of central and local authorities. Historical and legal research has shown the trend during the period of zemstvo reforms in monarchical Russia. After a long Soviet period of oblivion, at the end of the last century there was a revival of local government on the democratic basis. The Basic Law of the State of 1993 reflected the independence of local self-government, as well as not entirely justified rule on the separation of its bodies from state ones, which influenced further legislative regulation that was subject to frequent changes. Results. The clearly manifested desire of the legislator to bring local self-government closer to the general system of government for the coordinated interaction of all levels of government became a logical step towards the constitutional consolidation of the institution of public power. The authors’ conclusion was that under these conditions, the resource of the current Federal Law “On the General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” is not exhausted.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Economics. Management. Law. 2023;23(4):439-445
439-445
Methodology of research into constitutional subjective law
Abstract
Introduction. Constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen are the subject of numerous studies. Various approaches are used to disclose the content of these rights. Most often, their analysis takes place through the consideration of the norms governing a certain range of social relations, united in the institution of law of the same name. This method makes it possible to apply a wide range of regulations in the analysis, to show the features of their implementation. At the same time, there is another approach – the study of the content of subjective law by considering the powers of a person. Theoretical analysis. The classical set of powers (right-behavior, right-demand, right-claim, right-use) makes it possible to focus on the ability of the individual to realize his / her rights and freedoms. The article shows the features of various ways of analyzing constitutional rights and freedoms. The comparison of two approaches to the study of constitutional law (the study of the totality of norms as a legal institution and the analysis of the content of subjective law through a set of powers) is carried out. The author pays attention to the peculiarities of the study of subjective constitutional law, completeness of the elemental composition of this law, presence of a “volitional moment” in its implementation. Results. The author provides arguments in defense of the expediency of accurately determining the direction of research into the content of subjective law. It seems more fruitful to consider the subjective law through a set of powers. The confusion of approaches makes it difficult to fully reveal the possibilities of realizing the rights and freedoms of the individual.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Economics. Management. Law. 2023;23(4):446-449
446-449
State regulation and deregulation: Law and economics in modern Russia
Abstract
Introduction. The legal aspects of state regulation of economic relations are of high relevance for the Russian Federation due to the development of modern crisis situations. At present, it is necessary to study the general parameters of the interaction between law and economics, on the basis of which it is possible to develop specific recommendations for improving Russian legislation. Empirical analysis. The author presents general factors that have a serious (in the long term) impact on the Russian economy: gradual decarbonization; the emergence of the concept of sustainable development, establishing a link between GDP growth (gross domestic product) and concern for future generations; universal digitalization affecting all spheres of public life. Methods and concepts. The confrontation between the two global currents of libertarianism and Keynesianism has a serious impact on the limits of state intervention in economic relations. At the same time, the gradual convergence leads to the development of such concepts as the social market economy and libertarian paternalism, each of them involving a transition to indirect influence and taking into account social factors in creating a competitive environment. The absence of a direct consolidation of the foundations of the economic system in the Constitution of Russia implies the development of synthetic principles that need further constitutionalization. Theoretical analysis. In the Russian Federation, the further strengthening of the direct role of the state in the country’s economy has institutionalgrounds – a large bureaucratic apparatus and a significant public sector in the economic system. At the same time, legal support for various forms of deregulation (self-regulation, co-regulation, quasi-regulation, etc.) has been formed. The declared "regulatory guillotine", in isolation from the general directions of administrative reform, is unlikely to have a significant long-term effect. Results. The process of deconcentration of power (with deregulation being one of the aspects) in the Russian Federation cannot be considered complete. Deregulation is not the only form of deconcentration and reduction of the administrative burden on businesses.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Economics. Management. Law. 2023;23(4):450-459
450-459
Political and legal mechanisms for the formation of Russian constitutional identity in the conditions of information society
Abstract
Introduction. Problems of the formation and preservation of Russian national constitutional identity are becoming topical in the context of the development of digital technologies that promote the dissemination of information products of mass consumption, relativistic values, and the use of manipulative tools to influence public consciousness. Theoretical analysis. In modern scientific discourse, the concept of “national constitutional identity” is used in three senses: firstly, as the self-identity of the Constitution; secondly, as a set of criteria for the permissible impact on the constitutional legal order by supranational institutions (international organizations, interstate bodies of integration unions, etc.); thirdly, as a system of spiritual, moral and political-legal values inherent in the nation and reflected in the text of the Constitution. Empirical analysis. The specifics of the formation of national constitutional identity in the conditions of information society are considered in relation to all three concepts described above. Results. The main mechanisms for the formation and preservation of the Russian national constitutional identity include the constitutionalization of information and legal relations, the protection of digital sovereignty, and the axiological dimension of processes characteristic of the information society.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Economics. Management. Law. 2023;23(4):460-470
460-470
Legal problems of using the virtual space of the metaverse in the educational process of the university
Abstract
Introduction. On the one hand, traditional forms, methods and means of teaching are used in the educational process of a university, on the other hand, education cannot be static, it must meet modern requirements and challenges. Artificial intelligence technologies are rapidly developing in society, and their introduction into education will provide students with a modern, high-quality education. The Russian higher education system needs digital transformation; it requires the introduction of the latest learning technologies into the educational process to ensure competitiveness in the global education market. Theoretical analysis. To qualitatively improve the learning process at a university and train highly qualified personnel, it is necessary to use the latest teaching technologies, such as augmented and virtual reality. Virtual reality technologies in the form of virtual campuses and laboratories make it possible to organize the learning process in a highly motivated way for students, to achieve the effect of complete immersion in the processes and phenomena being studied. Currently, there is positive experience in using virtual space as an interactive teaching method when modeling practice-oriented cases. Еmpirical analysis. It was revealed that the problems of using the virtual space of the metaverse in the process of university education lie in the legal field. Legal problems of the metaverse include problems of cybersecurity, confidentiality of personal data, problems with automated data collection systems Big Data and others. One of the main problems is that of information security, the solution to which is the development of domestic software, local standards in the field of using virtual space technologies as part of the educational process of the university. Results. The author has proven the need to improve the current legislation of higher education in accordance with the specifics of the use of the virtual space of the metaverse by the educational process of the university; to develop local regulatory legal acts regulating the specifics of using metaverses when training a specific specialist.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Economics. Management. Law. 2023;23(4):471-477
471-477
Promoting business ethics in Russia: Legal framework
Abstract
Introduction. In the context of the significance of the development of the Russian economy, the culture of business communications of business entities is of particular importance. Its enhancement and stimulation are supported in every possible way by the state, and popularization of entrepreneurship and formation of a positive image of the entrepreneur among the population become the most important area of activity in achieving state goals and objectives. Though, the process of forming business ethics and legal regulation of the promotion of business ethics in the Russian legislation are still at the stage of active development. Theoretical analysis. The modern legal field primarily reflects promotion of the values of competition, promotion of social responsibility norms among entrepreneurs, promotion of legal entrepreneurship and formation of a positive image of the entrepreneur. However, most often, the legislator creates the prerequisites for the behavior desired by business in the existing legal conditions, without directly enshrining the “propaganda of business ethics”, with examples from current legislation and law enforcement practice being confirmation of that. Empirical analysis. Fragmented legal regulation of the promotion of business ethics, both at the federal and regional levels, emphasizes the lack of a systematic approach to understanding business ethics, which, in turn, may affect the effectiveness of the future formation of fair commercial practices. Result. In the legal field, business ethics should be considered as a complex, collective and still developing concept, including an attitude to the social responsibility of a business entity, corruption, healthy competition, combining elements of management ethics, corporate culture, ethics of interaction with government agencies, environmental awareness, etc. Introduction to the legal field of promoting business ethics is a natural process. Legal education remains an effective measure to promote business ethics among business entities, that pursues preventive goals, and only in conjunction with measures to support and encourage such activities at the present time, since ensuring the standards of business ethics is closely related to the absence of illegal forms of economic struggle, to building measures of economic security in the context of corporate social responsibility, rejection of corruption, etc.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Economics. Management. Law. 2023;23(4):478-483
478-483