No 4 (2024): ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
Regional Economy
Approaches to selection of regional budget security indicators (on the example of the Russian Arctic regions)
Abstract
The article deals with the approach to selection of regional budget security indicators in order to develop a system of parameters to assess the regional budget security. The approach is based on the principle of identifying the interests of economic agents. The satisfaction level of regional authorities, economic entities, and population is considered as a budget security indicator. The express analysis based on the materials from the Arctic regions of Russia indicated an imbalance of interests of economic agents, which is further confirmed by the decline in regional and population welfare due to reduction in regional product volume redistributed through budgets and by the decrease in businesses financial results in context of the changing world economy conditions. Balance of economic interests will be achieved by the increase in budget revenues and per capita incomes.
5-15
Analysis of social projects in the strategic documents of the digital transformation of the Komi Republic
Abstract
The article interprets the concepts of digitalization and digital transformation discussed in the regulatory legal acts, documents of international organizations and scientific publications. It analyses legal acts regulating the processes of digital transformation for industries and subjects of the Russian Federation. The current strategic directions in the field of digital transformation of economic and social sectors determine largely the general and project content of strategies and digital transformation programmes of the regions. The main attention is paid to the consideration of health, education and culture projects in the strategy and digital transformation programme of the Komi Republic. Underlined is the lack of official monitoring for the implementation of digital transformation projects and the possible analyzing the situation only according to the data in the regional media, which complicates the unbiased assessment.
16-25
Population Economics and Demography
Approaches to human resource management in the Arctic zone of Russia and circumpolar countries of Europe
Abstract
The article presents an overview of approaches to human resource management in the Arctic zone of Russia and the circumpolar countries of Europe. The importance of high-quality human resources for the sustainable development of the circumpolar zone of Russia is considered, modern human resource management practices in Russia and European countries with territories beyond the Arctic circle are studied. All these countries need to attract, motivate, improve the skills and control the working staff. At the same time, their approaches to human resource management are not the same. The main differences are due to cultural factors, peculiarities of legislation, the economic situation in the country, the system of relations with employees, etc.
26-34
Demographic ageing of the Komi Republic according to the new retirement age and economic aspects of its increase
Abstract
The article is devoted to the peculiarities of demographic ageing of the Komi Republic according to the new economic threshold of old age. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the gradual increase of the retirement age in Russia and the preservation of the favourable retirement age in the region. The regularities of population ageing in the republic in different intercensal periods have been revealed. The migration inflow ensured a more than twofold lower percentage of older-aged people until the end of the 1970s. The Komi Rebublic has been characterised by a negative migration balance from the second half of the 1980s. The rate of ageing significantly exceeds the national average in spite of the increased birth rate and decreased life duration. The level of ageing approaches the national Russian average and even exceeds it remarkably taking into account the favourable pension legislation. The retirement-age increase contributes not only to the reduction of demographic pressure but also to the decrease of age discrimination in the area employment, favours realization of the resource potential of the older generation and the conception of healthy and active longevity. The employment level of pensioners, the average pension rate and its correlation to the average wage in the Komi Republic is higher than those in the whole country, which partly compensate for the high living cost in the North.
35-45
Environmental Еconomics
Practices in waste management in the context of sustainable development and of circular economy
Abstract
Human activities inevitably lead to waste generation, therefore the concern for the environment remains relevant. For a long time, waste management was limited to collection, transportation and disposal, and with time only the focus shifted for selective waste collection and then recycling. The main cause for the problem was the linear economic system operated for many years, entailing resource depletion, significant stress on the environment, and climate change. As a result, the circular economy (closed-loop economy), which treats waste products not as garbage but as production resource, has recently become high on the political agenda. In this regard, it is worthwhile to study and analyze international practices in waste management, since it can be useful for developing strategies to improve the waste management system aimed at achieving the goals of sustainable development and the circular economy.
46-53
Tax treatment features of the mineral resources development: world and domestic experience
Abstract
Building a balanced system for obtaining a fair share of resource rents is one of the central objectives for the governments in the countries, rich in mineral resources. The special attention is paid to the high-margin projects on extraction of the hydrocarbon raw materials. Thus, the state share in the exploitation of its natural resources includes a variety of components, type and scope of which are determined by the specific conditions of a mining project. The article reviews the main tax instruments used in development of the mineral deposits, also considers the main trends in development of the international tax systems and their reflection in the Russian practice. It is shown that the main directions of the fiscal policy include simplification and striving for simplicity of administration, transparency in contracts between investors and governments, focus on transfer price issues, transition from gross royalties to taxation of economic results. Peculiarities of the budget policy in Russia determine development of agreements between the governments of the mining regions and mining companies aimed at the infrastructure and social facilities development, as a form of indirect natural rents for the development of the territories and local communities.
54-61
On the issues of the mining waste management system in the Russian Arctic
Abstract
Mining waste products cause serious damage to the human health and unique ecosystems of the Russian Arctic. The article examines the current state of the mining waste management system and the possibilities how to increase the investment potential of mining waste recycling. The issue of involving mining waste products into the economic circulation is a complex task and its solution requires improving the state mining waste management system, including correcting the existing and adopting the new laws, implementing various target programmes, using tax preferences as well as economic stimulation measures.
62-67
Economics, Organization and Management of Enterprises, Industries, and Complexes
Modification of the economy in the regions of the North on the basis of the traditional Russian moral and spiritual values
Abstract
The article is devoted to the assessment of the possible impact of the legally proclaimed traditional Russian moral and spiritual values on the economic structure of the country, especially in its northern regions. The consistent implementation of these norms can and should lead to very profound changes: switching of enterprises from profit-making to service of people, increasing the importance and support of family, developing new approaches concerning “northern privileges” and competition, tactful attitude towards human life, changing principles and mechanisms in the public administration system. However, it is emphasized that major changes in this area should not be forced but carefully grown, transferred “from heart to heart”.
68-76
Analysis methodology of functioning and forecasting the development of the regional transport network (on the example of the European and Cisural Arctic)
Abstract
The article is devoted to the development of theoretical and methodological approaches to the fundamentals of analyzing the functioning and forecasting of the current and future transport network of the European and Cisural Arctic in modern economic conditions, taking into account: the location of promising sources of freight flows in the territory under consideration, data on the carrying and capacity of the network and its development prospects. Considering the incompleteness of time series of statistical indicators characterizing the operation of the transport network, the study, along with classical methods of forecasting traffic volumes, pays significant attention to scenarios for its development. The paper describes the transport network of the European and Cisural Arctic of the Russian Federation, defines strategic planning, and shows the importance of analyzing the functioning of the transport network of the region. Forecasts of traffic volumes have been obtained, their assessment and scenarios for the development of the transport network have been compiled using a combined forecasting system. A methodology has been developed for analyzing the functioning and forecasting the development of the transport network of the European and Cisural Arctic.
77-87
Digital space formation of domestic tourism in the Komi Republic
Abstract
The weak connexity and dispersion of the tourism space in the Komi Republic is due to the insufficient inclusion of its subjects in the digital space, predetermined by the poor quality of the tourist product, low digitalization level of the territory and poor technological equipment of organizations in the tourism sector. The basic directions of the digital transformation of the industry are outlined, related to the expansion of digital infrastructure, development of the regional tourism platform, and improvement of the regional tourism management system through the digitalization of accounting, data collection and analysis. The most important direction is the formation of regional tourism and recreation cluster based on the “smart destination” approach using financial and programmatic mechanisms for the development of the tourism industry in the region.
88-96