Роль микробиоты в генезе диспластических и онкологических заболеваний шейки матки, влагалища и вульвы
- Авторы: Мгерян А.Н.1, Прилепская В.Н.1, Довлетханова Э.Р.1, Абакарова П.Р.1, Межевитинова Е.А.1
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Учреждения:
- ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава России
- Выпуск: Том 27, № 3 (2025)
- Страницы: 176-182
- Раздел: ОБЗОР
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/2079-5831/article/view/316011
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2025.3.203393
- ID: 316011
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Аннотация
Микробиота влагалища здоровой женщины представляет собой уникальную микроэкосистему, включающую более 300 видов бактерий. Основными бактериями влагалища здоровой женщины являются представители рода Lactobacillus − лактобактерии (90–95%), наиболее распространенные из которых L. crispatus, L. iners, L. jensenii и L. gasseri. В зависимости от доминирующего вида Lactobacillus выделяют пять типов сообществ − CST I, II, III, IV и V. Лактобактерии обеспечивают нормальный уровень рH влагалища (3,8–4,4), подавляют рост других микроорганизмов, в частности Escherichia coli, Trichomonas vaginalis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella bivia и др. Различные виды лактобактерий продуцируют разные уровни активных форм кислорода. Результаты многочисленных научных работ показали тесную взаимосвязь между нарушением микробиоты влагалища и развитием онкологических заболеваний, в частности шейки матки, влагалища и вульвы. В представленном обзоре проведен анализ научных исследований, в которых показана положительная корреляционная связь между низким содержанием лактобактерий, ростом представительства патогенных бактерий и раком аногенитальной области; демонстрируется взаимосвязь между некоторыми бактериями, персистенцией вируса папилломы человека и развитием диспластических процессов нижних отделов половой системы. Своевременная диагностика и лечение вульвовагинальных инфекций и дисбиоза влагалища позволят снизить риск персистенции вируса папилломы человека и, следовательно, развития диспластических процессов, а также рака нижних отделов половых путей.
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А. Н. Мгерян
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава России
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: docanna@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0574-1230
канд. мед. наук, науч. сотр. научно-поликлинического отд-ния
Россия, МоскваВ. Н. Прилепская
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава России
Email: docanna@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3993-7629
д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. научно-поликлиническим отд-нием ФГБУ «НМИЦ АГП им. акад. В.И. Кулакова», засл. деят. науки РФ
Россия, МоскваЭ. Р. Довлетханова
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава России
Email: docanna@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2835-6685
канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. научно-поликлинического отд-ния ФГБУ «НМИЦ АГП им. акад. В.И. Кулакова»
Россия, МоскваП. Р. Абакарова
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава России
Email: docanna@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8243-5272
канд. мед. наук, науч. сотр. научно-поликлинического отд-ния ФГБУ «НМИЦ АГП им. акад. В.И. Кулакова»
Россия, МоскваЕ. А. Межевитинова
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава России
Email: docanna@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2977-9065
д-р мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. научно-поликлинического отд-ния ФГБУ «НМИЦ АГП им. акад. В.И. Кулакова»
Россия, МоскваСписок литературы
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