Monitoring of coronavirus infection in the kyrgyz population

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Abstract

Purpose of the study: to study the dynamics of developing herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the population of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan during COVID-19. Materials and methods. The work was carried out using the methodology for assessing population immunity developed by Rospotrebnadzor (Russia) as well as the Ministry of Health (Kypgyzstan) and the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute. The selection of participants was carried out by questionnaire using a cloud (Internet server) service. To monitor population immunity, a cohort of 2421 subjects was formed, who participated in all stages of seromonitoring. Volunteers were randomized according to age groups (1–17, 18–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70+ years), regional and professional factors. Antibodies (Abs) against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (Nc) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of S-glycoprotein were determined by qualitative and quantitative methods. The study was carried out in 3 stages according to a single scheme: 1st stage — 06/28–07/03/2021, 2nd — 21–25/02/2022 and 3rd — 31/10–04/11/2022. Since 2021, Kyrgyzstan has been vaccinating the population against SARS-CoV-2 mainly using inactivated whole-virion vaccines. Results. Population immunity against SARS-CoV-2 was predominantly accounted for by both Ab types (Nc+RBD+). By the 3rd stage, the percentage of such persons reached 99.2%, Nc–RBD– volunteers — up to 0.8%. At the 1st stage, middle-aged people dominated, but age differences were leveled out by the 2nd stage. The greatest impact on seroprevalence was found among medical workers, the smallest — among businessmen and industrial workers. Populational vaccination significantly impacted on the state of herd immunity that reached 25% by the 3rd stage. The refusals of the population in Kyrgyz Republic from vaccination noted at the 2nd and especially 3rd stages did not significantly affect level of herd immunity, which could probably be associated with asymptomatic cases of COVID-19, against which primary vaccination had a booster effect. Conclusion. The dynamics of population humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 included a number of changes in the level of circulating antibodies (Nc, RBD), caused by both primary infection and vaccination. The herd immunity formed in population of Kyrgyzstan allowed to reduce the incidence of COVID-19 to almost sporadic level.

About the authors

A. Yu. Popova

Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Email: depart@gsen.ru

DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Russian Federation, Moscow

Vyacheslav S. Smirnov

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute

Email: vssmi@mail.ru

DSc (Medicine), Professor, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology

Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg

O. T. Kasymov

National Institute of Public Health

Email: vssmi@mail.ru

DSc (Medicine), Рrofessor, Director

Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek

S. S. Egorova

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute

Email: vssmi@mail.ru

DSc (Medicine), Deputy Director for Innovation

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Z. S. Nurmatov

National Institute of Public Health, Kyrgyz Ministry of Health

Email: vssmi@mail.ru

DSc (Medicine), Head 

Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek

I. V. Drozd

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute

Email: vssmi@mail.ru

PhD (Biology), Head of the Central Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory

Russian Federation, Bishkek

A. M. Milichkina

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute

Email: vssmi@mail.ru

PhD (Medicine), Head Physician of the Medical Center 

Russian Federation, Petersburg

V Yu. Smolensky

Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Email: vssmi@mail.ru

Deputy Head

Russian Federation, Moscow

Z. N. Nuridinova

National Institute of Public Health

Email: vssmi@mail.ru

Researcher

Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek

V. A. Ivanov

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute

Email: vssmi@mail.ru

IT analyst

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

G. Z. Sattarova

National Institute of Public Health, Kyrgyz Ministry of Health

Author for correspondence.
Email: vssmi@mail.ru

Researcher

Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek

E. S. Ramsay

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute

Email: vssmi@mail.ru

Science Analyst

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

B. I. Dzhangaziev

Kyrgyz Ministry of Health

Email: vssmi@mail.ru

Deputy Minister of Health for Digital Development

Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek

E. V. Zueva

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute

Email: vssmi@mail.ru

PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

U. U. Arabiy

National Center for Immunoprophylaxis

Email: vssmi@mail.ru

Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist

Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek

V. G. Drobyshevskaya

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute

Email: vssmi@mail.ru

Doctor of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics

St. Petersburg

O. B. Zhimbaeva

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute

Email: damaoyuna@rambler.ru

Physician, Central Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory of the Medical Center

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

A. P. Razumovskaya

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute

Email: vssmi@mail.ru

Doctor of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Central Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory of the Medical Center

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

A. A. Totolian

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute

Email: vssmi@mail.ru

RAS Full Member, DSc (Medicine), Professor, Director

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

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Supplementary files

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2. Figure 1. Dynamics of COVID-19 incidence and vaccination in the Kyrgyz population

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3. Figure 2. Shares of seropositive (CGAP) and seronegative (NSG) individuals of different ages throughout seromonitoring

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4. Figure 3. Changes in peripheral Nc and RBD Ab levels in volunteers of different ages throughout seromonitoring

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5. Figure 4. Seropositive (CGAP) and seronegative (NSG) volunteers by Kyrgyz region throughout seromonitoring

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6. Figure 5. Humoral immunity dynamics (Nc, RBD Abs) among volunteers by Kyrgyz region

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7. Figure 6. Shares of seronegative (NSG) and seropositive (CGAP) volunteers in different professional groups throughout seromonitoring

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8. Figure 7. Humoral immunity dynamics (Nc, RBD Abs) among volunteers by professional group

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9. Figure 8. Distribution of Nc Ab levels in the volunteer cohort by age group

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10. Figure 9. Distribution of RBD Ab levels in the volunteer cohort by age

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11. Figure 10. Usage structure of vaccines used to immunize the Kyrgyz population against coronavirus throughout seromonitoring

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12. Figure 11. Structure of coronavirus vaccines administered to participants in the volunteer cohort at the stages of seromonitoring

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13. Figure 12. Age distribution of vaccine platform usage

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Copyright (c) 2023 Popova A.Y., Smirnov V.S., Kasymov O.T., Egorova S.S., Nurmatov Z.S., Drozd I.V., Milichkina A.M., Smolensky V.Y., Nuridinova Z.N., Ivanov V.A., Sattarova G.Z., Ramsay E.S., Dzhangaziev B.I., Zueva E.V., Arabiy U.U., Drobyshevskaya V.G., Zhimbaeva O.B., Razumovskaya A.P., Totolian A.A.

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