Career Portfolio: Impact of Alternative Types of Labor and Non-standard Forms of Labor Behavior on the Level of Secondary Employment in Russia

Today, employers and employees often move away from the model of traditional employment, i.e., performance of work within the framework of labor relations between the employee and the employer hiring them based on an open-ended employment contract, at fixed hours, in accordance with generally accepted labor standards. The purpose of the study is to identify the alternative types of labor and non-standard forms of labor behavior existing in the secondary employment market in Russia. Based on a literature analysis and an expert survey, the study shows that non-standard forms of employment are becoming increasingly popular in the modern labor market. They include employment not regulated by an employment contract, employment for a certain period, part-time employment, irregular working hours, as well as working outside the employer’s location. Over the past decades, the development of alternative types of labor and non-standard forms of employment has become one of the most important phenomena in the modern labor market. It is expected to play a leading role in increasing the flexibility of the labor market.