Phytoindication of anthropogenic transformed soils in the conditions of Donbass

Background. The study of soil toxicity using a bioindicator plant (winter rapeseed) in natural conditions on a mine rock dump, as well as in a laboratory in a similar rock and different types of soils with the prospect of further recommending it for the biological reclamation of rock dumps in Donbass. Materials and methods. In the course of the research, review, analytical, field and experimental methods were used. Planting of winter rapeseed seeds on a rock dump named after sh. 5/6 Dimitrova (Donetsk, DPR) was produced on the dump plateau, the northern and southern slopes. The first shoots appeared on the plateau of the dump. The appearance of rapeseed seedlings on the slopes was not observed. Winter rapeseed seeds were planted in laboratory conditions in 5 types of soils (approximately 300 seeds per each type of soil and rock): soil selected in the Donetsk Botanical Garden (control), near the highway, in the area of an active burning rock dump (+ the area of a gas station (hereinafter referred to as the gas station), in the park culture and Recreation (hereinafter referred to as the PCiO) in the area of the Donetsk Metallurgical Plant, hereinafter referred to as the DMZ). Silicon fertilizers were applied to a part of the soil, as well as fertilizers made from the burnt-out rock of the dump sh. 6/14 (Makeyevka). In the second part of the soil, seeds were sown without additional fertilizers. Winter rapeseed seeds were also sown in the rock of the sh. 5/6 dump named after him. Dimitrova (northern and southern slopes) without applying fertilizers. Results. The largest number of seedlings was shown by the soil near a rock dump + a gas station with fertilizers – 67 % of the total number of sown seeds. The lowest is the soil in the DMZ area with fertilization – 34 %. The soil of the botanical garden with fertilizers showed the greatest growth – up to 15 cm, the smallest – the soil near the rock dump + gas station – up to 9 cm. Conclusions. The low growth and germination of seeds in the soils in the area of the rock dump, gas station and DMZ are presumably due to the presence of traces of petroleum products, heavy metals and emissions of gorenje products into the soil. Seed germination and growth in the rock of the dump on both slopes are approximately the same, presumably due to leveling microclimatic conditions in the laboratory, in contrast to these conditions on the dump, where the southern slope is more illuminated and less exposed to wind currents.