Retrospective analysis and modern tendencies of swimmers’ movement technique development at different stages of many years sports training

Based on retrospective analysis of scientific-methodical literature the article deals with the analysis of trends of swimmers’ movement technique development at different stages of many year sports training. The authors describe the movement technique in swimming with basic concepts of biomechanical and fluid mechanics. Kinematical characteristics including spatial-temporal, temporal and spatial parame-ters of the athlete’s movements are investigated. This article considers the dynamics of change of such indicators of technical readiness as rhythm and the stroke rate at different stages of swimmers sport training. Based on data analysis of specialized literature the authors concluded that on the initial stages of sports training swimmers’ results increase due to the change in the length of step and at the stage of higher sports skill by changing of stroke rate. The authors study the age dynamics of step length and tempo at the initial training, initial and advanced specialization formation which takes place in three stages: 1) mastering the technique of swimming at optimal amplitude; 2) gradual stretching, the elonga-tion step; 3) search for optimum correlation between stride length and tempo. On the basis of study of step length growth of young athletes aged 9 – 15 years, the authors conclude that rhythm-based tech-nology course in swimming is generated starting from the initial stage of long-term preparation.