Influence of muramyl peptides on the production of chemokines, growth factors, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines

Мұқаба

Дәйексөз келтіру

Толық мәтін

Аннотация

Relevance. The recent increase in inflammatory, allergic and infectious diseases needs to update new ways of raising non-specific resistance of the organism. Innate immunity provides the first line of defense against pathogens through the activation of receptors that detect microorganisms: TLRs, NLRs and CLRs. Muramyl peptides that form the cell wall of all known bacteria are recognized by NLRs and trigger immune responses to eliminate pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of muramyl peptides on the production of chemokines, growth factors, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines by human mononuclear cells. Materials and Methods. Mononuclear cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers using the Cell Separation Media Lympholyte CL 5015 reagent and cultured for 4 hours in the presence of glucosaminyl muramyl dipeptides GMDP, GMDP-OH, GMDP-Lys, GMDP-LL; an adequate amount of medium was added to the control wells. The levels of chemokines, growth factors, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured using magnetic beads with antibodies according to the manufacturer’s instructions Luminex 200, Merck (Millipore) equipment, and software (Burlington, Massachusetts, USA). Results and Discussion. It was found that muramyl peptides GMDP, GMDP-ON and GMDP-Lys enhance the production of cytokines IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12P40, IL-12P70, IL-15, MDC, sCD40L, IFNα2, IFN-γ, TNF-a, TNF-β, GM-CSF. GMDP-LL does not affect the production of cytokines. At the same time, muramyl peptides with the L-configuration of alanine and the D-configuration of isoglutamine (L-D muramyl peptides) did not change the values of IL-2, IL-3, IL-5, IL-9. Conclusion. The D-configuration of isoglutamine is fundamental for the implementation of the regulatory activity of muramyl peptides. A wide range of bacterial bioregulators, the source of which are microorganisms, regulate the host homeostasis and trigger immune reactions, which, depending on the context, can have opposite effects. L-D muramyl peptides activate mononuclear cells, which begin to produce proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as growth factors necessary for the destruction of pathogens. In addition, anti-inflammatory cytokines are also triggered, which have a regulatory role in the appearance of memory cells and the weakening of inflammatory reactions. Thus, normally, muramyl peptides participate in maintaining tolerance to microflora and maintaining immune homeostasis.

Авторлар туралы

Svetlana Guryanova

M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; RUDN University

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: svgur@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6186-2462
SPIN-код: 6722-8695
Moscow, Russian Federation

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Согласие на обработку персональных данных с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика»

1. Я (далее – «Пользователь» или «Субъект персональных данных»), осуществляя использование сайта https://journals.rcsi.science/ (далее – «Сайт»), подтверждая свою полную дееспособность даю согласие на обработку персональных данных с использованием средств автоматизации Оператору - федеральному государственному бюджетному учреждению «Российский центр научной информации» (РЦНИ), далее – «Оператор», расположенному по адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А, со следующими условиями.

2. Категории обрабатываемых данных: файлы «cookies» (куки-файлы). Файлы «cookie» – это небольшой текстовый файл, который веб-сервер может хранить в браузере Пользователя. Данные файлы веб-сервер загружает на устройство Пользователя при посещении им Сайта. При каждом следующем посещении Пользователем Сайта «cookie» файлы отправляются на Сайт Оператора. Данные файлы позволяют Сайту распознавать устройство Пользователя. Содержимое такого файла может как относиться, так и не относиться к персональным данным, в зависимости от того, содержит ли такой файл персональные данные или содержит обезличенные технические данные.

3. Цель обработки персональных данных: анализ пользовательской активности с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика».

4. Категории субъектов персональных данных: все Пользователи Сайта, которые дали согласие на обработку файлов «cookie».

5. Способы обработки: сбор, запись, систематизация, накопление, хранение, уточнение (обновление, изменение), извлечение, использование, передача (доступ, предоставление), блокирование, удаление, уничтожение персональных данных.

6. Срок обработки и хранения: до получения от Субъекта персональных данных требования о прекращении обработки/отзыва согласия.

7. Способ отзыва: заявление об отзыве в письменном виде путём его направления на адрес электронной почты Оператора: info@rcsi.science или путем письменного обращения по юридическому адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А

8. Субъект персональных данных вправе запретить своему оборудованию прием этих данных или ограничить прием этих данных. При отказе от получения таких данных или при ограничении приема данных некоторые функции Сайта могут работать некорректно. Субъект персональных данных обязуется сам настроить свое оборудование таким способом, чтобы оно обеспечивало адекватный его желаниям режим работы и уровень защиты данных файлов «cookie», Оператор не предоставляет технологических и правовых консультаций на темы подобного характера.

9. Порядок уничтожения персональных данных при достижении цели их обработки или при наступлении иных законных оснований определяется Оператором в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации.

10. Я согласен/согласна квалифицировать в качестве своей простой электронной подписи под настоящим Согласием и под Политикой обработки персональных данных выполнение мною следующего действия на сайте: https://journals.rcsi.science/ нажатие мною на интерфейсе с текстом: «Сайт использует сервис «Яндекс.Метрика» (который использует файлы «cookie») на элемент с текстом «Принять и продолжить».