Sweden’s Neutrality During World War II: A Retrospective Analysis and Modern Tendencies
- Authors: Parkhitko N.P.1,2, Kurylev K.P.1, Suchilina A.A.2, Danilova E.V.1
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Affiliations:
- RUDN University
- Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
- Issue: Vol 25, No 2 (2025): The Difficult Path from Bipolarity to a Multipolar World Order: To the 80th Anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War
- Pages: 208-222
- Section: HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/2313-0660/article/view/320637
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2025-25-2-208-222
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/MHQPGT
- ID: 320637
Cite item
Abstract
The entry into force of the Protocol on Sweden’s Accession to North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on 7 March 2024 draws a historic line under the Scandinavian country’s more than 200-year policy of neutrality. First proclaimed by King Carl XIV Johan of Sweden in August 1814 and put into practice in 1834, the principle of permanent neutrality has been an integral pillar of Sweden’s foreign policy. Adherence to the policy of neutrality allowed Sweden to avoid the devastating consequences of the two world wars and to remain an economic beneficiary of the confrontation between the USA and the USSR during the Cold War. On the other hand, what is commonly referred to as ‘permanent neutrality’ - with reference to the Swiss benchmark - in the case of Sweden deserves at least a more detailed analytical approach and at most a critical rethinking. The authors of this study use the methodology of historical and political science: the historical and analytical method, the method of comparison, the method of socio-historical and socio-political analogies and the method of political analysis. The authors also apply a behavioral approach and rational choice theory to identify the factors that influenced the decision of Sweden’s political elites to end the era of neutrality and join the NATO politico-military bloc. The subject of the proposed article is Sweden’s policy of formal neutrality during the World War II. It is no coincidence that the authors use the term ‘formal’ to refer to the nature of Swedish neutrality in the period 1939-1945, since it was during the World War II, in the authors’ opinion, that the practical content of the Swedish understanding of ‘neutrality’ was most clearly demonstrated. This, in turn, makes it much easier to understand the motives behind the country’s rapid accession to NATO in 2024. Assessing the current trends in the development of Sweden’s foreign policy course, the authors in the final part of the study cite the key factors behind the decision to join NATO: historical continuity and traditional political Western-centrism.
Keywords
About the authors
Nickolay P. Parkhitko
RUDN University; Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Author for correspondence.
Email: parkhitko_np@pfur.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7678-5735
SPIN-code: 6478-1225
PhD (History), Associate Professor, Department of Theory and History of Journalism, RUDN University; Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences and Mass Communications, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Moscow, Russian FederationKonstantin P. Kurylev
RUDN University
Email: kurylev-kp@rudn.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3075-915X
SPIN-code: 3131-8642
PhD, Dr.Sc. (History), Professor, Head, Department of Theory and History of International Relations
Moscow, Russian FederationAnna A. Suchilina
Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Email: aasuchilina@fa.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0513-2331
SPIN-code: 7020-8877
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Deputy Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences and Mass Communications
Moscow, Russian FederationElena V. Danilova
RUDN University
Email: danilova_ev@pfur.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1628-551X
SPIN-code: 1683-1988
Associate Professor, Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
Moscow, Russian FederationReferences
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