Nº 2 (42) (2025)
Instruments and methods of measurement (by type of measurement)
A new method for measuring the gravitational constant G
Resumo
The paper proposes a new method for measuring the gravitational constant G using a high-precision absolute gravimeter and a movable perturbing mass. The principles of the measuring setup are described; different implementation schemes are presented, and the expected measurement accuracy is evaluated. The method achieves significantly higher precision compared to existing experiments. The proposed approaches are applicable in fundamental gravity studies as well as in geodesy and navigation tasks.
Almanac of modern metrology. 2025;(2 (42)):8-14
8-14
A method for reducing the results of measuring potential gradients in a cluster of nanosatellites on the Earth’s surface
Resumo
To create an interference-proof navigation system based on the Earth’s gravity field, it is necessary to form a navigation gravimetric map. For remote and inaccessible territories and water areas, for example, in the Arctic region, it is advisable to use onboard space measurement instruments. To date, a number of foreign projects have been implemented to measure the second gradient of the gravitational potential onboard a spacecraft. To form a navigational gravimetric map, it is necessary to transfer, reduce, the results of measurements to the Earth’s surface. The paper presents existing approaches to performing the reduction. Own methods of reduction of measurement results are presented.
Almanac of modern metrology. 2025;(2 (42)):15-26
15-26
Calculation of the Q-factor of a cylindrical resonator with dielectric filling
Resumo
The article analyzes different methods for calculating the main parameters of a cylindrical resonator with dielectric filling for a hydrogen frequency and time standard. An analytical calculation of the unloaded quality factor of a three-layer resonator model is performed. Using simulation in the Ansys HFSS program, the quality factors for a three-layer and full resonator model are obtained. The real quality factor is calculated experimentally. The results are compared.
Almanac of modern metrology. 2025;(2 (42)):27-33
27-33
Navigation instruments
The development of the method (concept and possibility) for providing interested GLONASS consumers with a time scale of the State Standard with subnanosecond accuracy by radio laser means “Tochka” 34
Resumo
The problems of time-frequency support of the GLONASS system are considered. A method of mutual synchronization of geographically dispersed means based on a combination of laser ranging systems (LRS) along with radio engineering non-request measuring systems is proposed. The options for applying the proposed method for the standardization of both satellite vehicle orbits and time scales with simultaneous measurement of frequency drift of the onboard reference generator are considered. The characteristics and principles of the application of the millimeter precision LRS “Tochka”, promising areas of its application are given. The connection of the laser satellite rangefinder time scale, synchronized with the State Primary Standard for Time and Frequency Units and the National Time Scale GET 1-2022, to the on-board time scale generation equipment of GLONASS enables to carry out direct calibration of the non-request radio measurement stations time scales in Russia and the other partner countries (e.g. BRICS) with an error rate up to 50 ps, systematics by range less than 100 ps, as well as monitor and synchronize onboard time scales of GLONASS new generation devises with GET 1-2022 with the same error rate.
Almanac of modern metrology. 2025;(2 (42)):34-44
34-44
Development of special software for the relative gravimeter “Peshekhod”
Resumo
The purpose of this work is to develop special software (SSW) for interaction with the “Peshekhod” relative gravimeter. The main tasks of the SSW include establishing a Bluetooth connection, configuring the gravimeter’s operation, receiving measurement values, processing the received data, saving and displaying received data. The development was carried out using the C++ programming language and the Qt framework on the Astra Linux platform using object-oriented programming. As a result of the work, software was created that ensures efficient operation with the “Peshekhod” gravimeter.
Almanac of modern metrology. 2025;(2 (42)):45-51
45-51
Methods and instruments for monitoring and diagnostics of materials, products, substances and the natural environment
Metrological support for measuring the amount of glucose in various matrices: problems and prospects
52-58
Setup for studying gas-phase iodine adsorption on the construction material samples surface
Resumo
Radioactive iodine isotopes play an important role in the formation of the dose on the population and personnel during beyond design basis accident at nuclear power plant (NPP) with water-water energetic reactor (VVER). For realistic modeling of the magnitude and chemical form of the iodine isotopes emission into the environment, it is necessary to have reliable and substantiated data on the rate of iodine adsorption for surfaces prototype for VVER containment. This paper describes the experimental setup and conditions for conducting an experimental study of iodine adsorption processes on steel and painted surfaces corresponding the containment surfaces for NPPs with VVER.
Almanac of modern metrology. 2025;(2 (42)):59-68
59-68
The development of devices for monitoring the surface profile of bearing assemblies in the Russian Federation is an incentive for the development of high-speed installations
Resumo
Many foreign instrument-making companies have gone away from the Russian market after the sanctions have been imposed. The significant presence of foreign equipment in our country remains, but the process of using it is complicated, as its maintenance has become expensive and time-consuming due to sanctions. Under these conditions, the issue of replacing devices for monitoring geometric bearing defects is particularly pressing. Bearing assemblies are the basis of automation and mechanical engineering, and without a roundness gauge it is impossible to monitor runout or roundness on the shaft, which is critical for assessing the quality of bearing performance. The article provides an overview of only Russian devices for the control of geometric bearing defects and method for the development of these devices exclusively on the Russian patent database. Although the production of devices for changing shape and contour in the Russian Federation is developing as a whole, the article presents for the most part not serial, but single unique installations that have not been widely sold, as they are at the stage of testing and entering them into the register of measuring instruments. At the same time, the described installations have great potential for mass production at Russian enterprises.
Almanac of modern metrology. 2025;(2 (42)):69-83
69-83
Standardization issues of testing for type approval of ultrasonic gas flow and quantity measuring instruments in the Russian Federation
Resumo
The article presents an overview of the current situation in the field of testing for type approval of measuring instruments (MI) of gas flow and quantity in the Russian Federation. The imperfections of the legislation are considered, which leave the possibility for manufacturers of measuring instruments and testing centers to simplify the procedures of type approval testing by not including the necessary items in the test program. As a result, the work on determination of metrological and technical characteristics of measuring instruments can be performed not in full, and the principle of unity of measurements is violated.
Almanac of modern metrology. 2025;(2 (42)):84-90
84-90
Metrology and metrological support
Research of metrological characteristics of the developed hardware and methodological complex, ensuring the transfer of a unit of absorbed dose rate to installations used in neutron radiation therapy
Resumo
This article discusses the widespread use of nuclear physics installations for radiation therapy in modern medicine. The author analyzes existing nuclear physics installations, highlighting limitations on transmission methods and means of both structural and physical nature. The developed hardware and methodological complex are described, based on the scintillation method of recording ionizing radiation, which allows measuring the absorbed dose rate of neutron radiation. Particular attention is paid to the stability of the complex and the study of its metrological characteristics. The importance of the developed method for transmitting the unit of absorbed dose rate of neutron radiation to ensure the uniformity of measurements in the field of clinical dosimetry is discussed in the work. The uncertainty budget of measurements of the developed method and means of transmission is also presented. The author emphasizes the importance of the developed complex for conducting measurements in mixed gamma-neutron fields at nuclear physics installations in the context of radiation therapy on fast neutrons.
Almanac of modern metrology. 2025;(2 (42)):91-97
91-97
Choice of hydrogen masers rate prediction model
Resumo
Forecasting atomic clock rates is an important part of time scale algorithm. The prediction model and observation interval are optimized using characteristics of prediction accuracy - the systematic predicting error and the standard deviation of the predicting error. Using various pairs of frequency measures as an example, it is shown that complicating the prediction model, on the one hand, reduces the systematic predicting error, and on the other hand, increases the standard deviation of the predicting error due to an increase in the number of free parameters in the model. For various pairs of frequency measures from State Time and Frequency Standard GET 1-2022, involved in the transfer of frequency units from the primary frequency standard to frequency and time measures, recommendations for choosing a forecasting model and the duration of the observation interval are given.
Almanac of modern metrology. 2025;(2 (42)):98-113
98-113
Digital metrology of the gas transportation system of Russia
Resumo
This article presents the concept of digital metrological support for the Unified Gas Supply System of Russia based on the cyber-physical system consisting of intelligent measurement systems at the physical level and a digital twin at the virtual level that continuously monitors metrological characteristics and performs the automatic calibration of measuring units at the operating site. Specific practical steps for implementing this concept are presented, while various issues requiring additional researches for scientific justification of its implementation are considered.
Almanac of modern metrology. 2025;(2 (42)):114-132
114-132
Acoustics
Examples of solving metrological problems using the Hilbert transformation for data processing
Resumo
Examples of solutions to measurement problems employing the Hilbert Transform for data processing are given. Implementation aspects of the Hilbert Transform implementation, based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), are noted. The approaches to assessing the steady-state mode of a short-term tone pulse based on the behavior of its envelope, instantaneous values of phase and frequency are considered. The effectiveness of applying the concept of a minimum-phase system to a hydrophone in combination with the possibilities of processing the hydrophone frequency response using the Hilbert Transform is demonstrated. An acoustic method for determining the effective radius of a hydrophone is considered. A novel of the phase-pulse method for measuring the propagation time of a sound impulse from the projector to the receiver is proposed. Approaches that allow overcoming the limitations imposed on the accuracy of measurements by the time-frequency uncertainty relation and the advantages of the proposed methods in comparison with known ones are discussed.
Almanac of modern metrology. 2025;(2 (42)):133-157
133-157