Исторический обзор научных подходов к проблематике сексуализированного насилия над несовершеннолетними

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В статье представлен исторический обзор научных подходов к проблематике сексуализированного насилия над детьми и подростками. Рассмотрена эволюция академических дебатов по теме сексуальных отношений между взрослыми и несовершеннолетними. Особое внимание уделено расхождениям в интерпретации данного феномена с различных научных и мировоззренческих позиций. Проведен анализ тенденций в описании и толковании сексуализированного насилия над несовершеннолетними в рамках медицинской парадигмы, научной школы психоанализа, клинической сексологии, феминистских гендерных исследований и социологии морали. Описаны наиболее значимые изменения, произошедшие в истории становления парадигмального поля исследований сексуализированного насилия над несовершеннолетними. В заключение дается обзор современных тенденций, рассматриваются моральные и этические основы консенсуса о недопустимости сексуальных контактов с детьми и подростками и необходимости решения проблемы сексуализированного насилия над ними. Проанализированы фундаментальные вызовы, связанные с отсутствием единства в понимании сексуализированного насилия над несовершеннолетними как такового, механизмов развития реакций на травму, концептуализации её последствий, а также многообразием дискурсов о пострадавших и фрагментарностью вмешательств, осуществляемых помогающими специалистами. Автором предлагаются актуальные проблемные вопросы, решение которых позволит определить вектор дальнейшего развития научного и этического подхода к защите пострадавших.

Об авторах

Яра Александровна Трифонова

Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет; СПб ГБУСО социальный приют для детей "Транзит"

Email: yaratrif@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-4860-1849
аспирант; кафедра общей и прикладной психологии с курсами медико-биологических дисциплин и педагогики; психолог;

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