Mild cognitive impairments in patients in the acute period of cardioembolic stroke
- Authors: Shubina K.M.1
-
Affiliations:
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre
- Issue: Vol 10, No 4 (2025)
- Pages: 302-309
- Section: Neurology
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/2500-1388/article/view/351300
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.35693/SIM686537
- ID: 351300
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
Aim – to study the features of moderate cognitive disorders in patients with acute ischemic stroke of the cardioembolic subtype during comprehensive neuropsychological testing in comparison with data on structural changes in brain tissue identified using visual semi-quantitative scales during magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.
Material and methods. The prospective observational study involved 60 patients (22 women and 38 men) diagnosed with cardioembolic stroke. The study participants were divided into two groups: patients with non-amnesic (neurodynamic) multifunctional type of moderate cognitive disorders (40 patients: 70% men, 30% women, mean age 64.3 years) and patients with amnestic multifunctional type (20 patients: 50% men, 50% women, mean age 76.1 years). All patients underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological examination and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain using standard magnetic resonance scales.
Results. Patients with non-amnestic multifunctional type of moderate cognitive disorders accounted for 67% of the examined patients (40 people), and 33% (20 people) were patients with amnestic multifunctional type. During the examination, neuropsychological features were identified in each group. 22% of patients (13 people) had infarctions in the “strategic” zones, and 45% of patients (27 people) had multiple focal ischemic strokes. In 90% of patients (54 people), there was a pronounced lesion of the white matter in the form of a hyper-intense signal from the periventricular and subcortical areas and a moderate widening of the cerebral sulci against the background of slight atrophy of the gyri.
Conclusion. The comprehensive diagnostic approach, including neuropsychological testing and assessment of structural changes in the brain using visual semi-quantitative magnetic resonance scales, allows for the detection of cognitive impairments at the pre-dementia stage and the initiation of therapy aimed at preventing the progression of these impairments.
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Kristina M. Shubina
Almazov National Medical Research Centre
Author for correspondence.
Email: krisschubina@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7336-3860
Neurologist, Research Laboratory Technician at the Scientific Research Laboratory of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Neurology
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgReferences
- Petersen RC, Touchon J. Consensus on mild cognitive impairment. Research and practice in AD. EADS-ADCS. Research and Practice in Alzheimer’s Disease. 2005;10:38-46. URL: https://mayoclinic.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/consensus-on-mild-cognitive-impairment-eadc-adcs
- Clinical guidelines “Cognitive Disorders in the Elderly and Senile Population” (approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation). M., 2024. (In Russ.). [Клинические рекомендации «Когнитивные расстройства у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста» (одобрено Министерством здравоохранения Российской Федерации). М., 2024].
- Sachdev PS, Lipnicki DM, Kochan NA, et al. The Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Diverse Geographical and Ethnocultural Regions: The COSMIC Collaboration. PLoS One. 2015;10(11):e0142388. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142388
- Jack CR Jr, Albert MS, Knopman DS, et al. Introduction to the recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(3):257-262. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.004
- Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. URL: www.dsm5.org/Pages/Default.aspx
- Petersen RC, Stevens JC, Ganguli M, et al. Practice parameter. Early detection of dementia: mild cognitive impairment (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2001;56(9):1133-1142. doi: 10.1212/wnl.56.9.1133
- Petersen RC, Negash S. Mild cognitive impairment: an overview. CNS Spectr. 2008;13(1):45-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900016151
- Levin OS. Pre-Dementia Neurocognitive Disorders in the Elderly. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. Special Issues. 2019;119(9-2):10-17. [Левин О.С. Преддементные нейрокогнитивные нарушения у пожилых. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. Спецвыпуски. 2019;119(9-2):10-17]. doi: 10.17116/jnevro201911909210
- Vasenina EE, Gutorova DA, Smirnova IM, Levin OS. Pre-Dementia Cognitive Disorders: Modern Approaches to Terminology, Diagnostics, and Treatment. Farmateka. 2018;14:8-16. [Васенина Е.Е., Гуторова Д.А., Смирнова И.М., Левин О.С. Додементные когнитивные расстройства: современные подходы к терминологии, диагностике и лечению. Фарматека. 2018;14:8-16]. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/pharmateca.2018.14.8-16
- Levin OS. Cognitive impairments in the practice of a neurologist. M, 2006. [Левин О.С. Когнитивные нарушения в практике невролога. М., 2006].
- Grishina DA, Lokshina AB. Moderate cognitive disorders: some aspects of diagnosis and therapy. Doctor.Ru. 2021;20(5):20-25. [Гришина Д.А., Локшина А.Б. Умеренные когнитивные расстройства: некоторые аспекты диагностики и терапии. Доктор.Ру. 2021;20(5):20-25]. doi: 10.31550/1727-2378-2021-20-5-20-25
- Yakhno NN, Preobrazhenskaya IS, Zakharov VV, et al. Prevalence of cognitive impairments in neurological diseases (analysis of specialized outpatient visits). Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2012;2:30-34. [Яхно Н.Н., Преображенская И.С., Захаров В.В., и др. Распространенность когнитивных нарушений при неврологических заболеваниях (анализ работы специализированного амбулаторного приема). Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2012;2:30-34]. doi: 10.14412/2074-2711-2012-378
- Alfano DP, Grummisch JA, Gordon JL, Hadjistavropoulos T. A Neuropsychological approach to mild cognitive impairment. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. 2022;37(5):873-890. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acac026
- Luria AR. Higher cortical functions of man. SPb., 2008. (In Russ.). [Лурия А.Р. Высшие корковые функции человека. СПб., 2008].
- Levin OS. Diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairment and dementia in clinical practice. M., 2019. (In Russ.). [Левин О.С. Диагностика и лечение когнитивных нарушений и деменции в клинической практике. М., 2019].
- Zueva IB, Kim YuV, Krivonosov DS, Samantsova TV. Cognitive, emotional and neurodynamic disorders in middle-aged hypertension patients: the opportunities of citicoline therapy. Effective Pharmacotherapy, 2023;19(54):12-19. [Зуева И.Б., Ким Ю.В., Кривоносов Д.С., Саманцова Т.В. Когнитивные, эмоциональные и нейродинамические нарушения у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией среднего возраста: возможности терапии цитиколином. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2023;19(54):12-19]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33978/2307-3586-2023-19-54-12-19
- Emelin AYu. Cognitive impairments in cerebrovascular disease. Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2014;6(4):11-18. [Емелин А.Ю. Когнитивные нарушения при цереброваскулярной болезни. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2014;6(4):11-18]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2014-4-11-18
- Zakharov VV. Memory types and clinical syndromes of amnestic disorders. Behavioral Neurology. 2022;1:18-26. [Захаров В.В. Виды памяти и клинические синдромы амнестических расстройств. Поведенческая неврология. 2022;1:18-26]. doi: 10.46393/27129675_2022_1_18
- Levin OS. Moderate Cognitive Disorder: Diagnosis and Treatment. Effektivnaya farmakoterapiya. Nevrologiya i psyhiatriya. 2012;5:14-20. (In Russ.). [Левин О.С. Умеренное когнитивное расстройство: диагностика и лечение. Эффективная фармакотерапия. Неврология и психиатрия. 2012;5:14-20]. URL: https://umedp.ru/articles/umerennoe_kognitivnoe_rasstroystvo_diagnostika_i_lechenie.html
- Tabeeva GR. Neurocognitive aging and cognitive disorders. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2019;119(6):160-167. [Табеева Г.Р. Нейрокогнитивное старение и когнитивные расстройства. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2019;119(6):160-167]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2019119061160
- Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12(3):189-98. doi: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
- Kurbanova MM, Galaeva AA, Stefanovskaya EV, et al. Modern methods for the diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Russian Family Doctor. 2020;24(1):35-44. [Курбанова М.М., Галаева А.А., Стефановская Е.В., и др. Современные методы диагностики когнитивных нарушений. Российский семейный врач. 2020;24(1):35-44. doi: 10.17816/RFD18986
- Dubois B, Slachevsky A, Litvan I, Pillon B. The FAB: a Frontal Assessment Battery at bedside. Neurology. 2000;55(11):1621-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.55.11.1621
- Nishiwaki Y, Breeze E, Smeeth L, et al. Validity of the Clock-Drawing Test as a screening tool for cognitive impairment in the elderly. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;160(8):797-807. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwh288
- Mormont E, Jamart J, Robaye L. Validity of the five-word test for the evaluation of verbal episodic memory and dementia in a memory clinic setting. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2012;25(2):78-84. doi: 10.1177/0891988712445088
- Borkowski JG, Benton AL, Spreen O. Word fluency and brain damage. Neuropsychologia. 1967;5:135-140. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(67)90015-2
- Monsch AU, Bondi MW, Salmon DP, et al. Clinical validity of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale in detecting Dementia of the Alzheimer type. A double cross-validation and application to a community-dwelling sample. Arch Neurol. 1995;52(9):899-904. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1995.00540330081018
- Wechsler D. A Standardized Memory Scale for Clinical Use. The Journal of Psychology. 1945;19(1):87-95. doi: 10.1080/00223980.1945.9917223
- Williams JB. A structured interview guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1988;45(8):742-747. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800320058007
- Kiely KM, Butterworth P, Watson N, Wooden M. The Symbol Digit Modalities Test: Normative data from a large nationally representative sample of Australians. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2014;29(8):767-75. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acu055
- Rubinstein SYa. Experimental methods of pathopsychology. M., 1999. (In Russ.). [Рубинштейн С.Я. Экспериментальные методики патопсихологии. М., 1999].
- Reitan RM. Validity of the Trail Making test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Percept Mot Skills. 1958;8:271-276. doi: 10.2466/pms.1958.8.3.271
- Ivnik RJ, Smith GE, Lucas JA, et al. Free and cued selective reminding test: MOANS norms. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1997;19(5):676-91. doi: 10.1080/01688639708403753
- Fazekas F, Cavluk JB, Alavi A, et al. Abnormalities of MRI signal at 1.5 T in Alzheimer’s dementia and normal aging. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1993;149(2):351-6. doi: 10.2214/ajr.149.2.351
- Scheltens P, Barkhof F, Leys D, et al. A semi-quantitative rating scale for the assessment of signal hyperintensity in magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Neurological Sciences. 1993;114:7-12. doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(93)90041-v
- Crum RM, Anthony JC, Bassett SS, et al. Population-Based Norms for the Mini-Mental State Examination by Age and Educational Level. JAMA. 1993;269;(18):2386-2391. doi: 10.1001/jama.1993.03500180078038
- Wahlund LO, Barthof F, Fazekas F, et al. European Task Force on Age-Related Changes). Related changes in the White matter. A new scale for assessing age-related white matter changes, applicable to MRI and CT. Stroke. 2001;32(6):1318-22. doi: 10.1161/01.str.32.6.1318
- Scheltens P, Launer LJ, Barkhof F, et al. Visual assessment of medial temporal lobe atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging: interobserver reliability. J Neurol. 1995;242(9):557-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00868807
- Koedam EL, Lehmann M, van der Flier WM, et. Visual assessment of posterior atrophy development of a MRI rating scale. Eur Radiol. 2011;21(12):2618-25. doi: 10.1007/s00330-011-2205-4
- Sarazin M, de Souza LK, Leherici S, Dubois B. Clinical and research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroimaging Clinics of North America. 2012;22(1):23-32. doi: 10.1016/j.nic.2011.11.004
Supplementary files



