The Evolution of Cities and Their Functional Diversity

The article deals with the problems of the relationship between the agglomeration effects of localization and urbanization. As an indicator of these processes, the relationship between the population of cities and the number of enterprises and organizations in them is used. It is assumed that the number of enterprises indirectly reflects the diversity of places of employment, although not weighted by industry structure. As a result of the study, a statistically significant relationship between these two indicators was established both for the subjects of the federation and for cities with a population of more than 100 thousand people. The main focus is on the study and explanation of deviations from the general pattern of the rank of the city/the number of enterprises in it. On this basis, the typology of cities is carried out on several grounds: administrative status, economic and geographical location, the presence of large city-forming enterprises. According to the results of the study, specific parametric characteristics were identified that allow us to distinguish single-industry cities. Using the example of the key, the study was continued for settlements with less population, as a result, it was found that for them, geographical location and specialization are more important than population.