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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Issues of Economic Theory</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Issues of Economic Theory</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы теоретической экономики</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-7666</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Институт экономики Российской академии наук</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">392782</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52342/2587-7666VTE_2026_1_39_53</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HIIIAY</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Economic Theory</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экономическая теория</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">TRANSFORMATION AS AN OBJECT OF INSTITUTIONAL DESIGN: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND EMPIRICAL POSSIBILITIES OF C-NUDGE MODELING</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>КУЛЬТУРНАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ КАК ОБЪЕКТ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ: ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ И ЭМПИРИЧЕСКИЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ C-NUDGE МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapultsevich</surname><given-names>Ilya</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капульцевич</surname><given-names>Илья Константинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>graduate student</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>аспирант</italic></p></bio><email>ilya.k.kapultsevich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУВО «Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-10"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-10"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Kapultsevich I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Капульцевич И.К.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kapultsevich I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Капульцевич И.К.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal-vniispk.ru/2587-7666/article/view/392782">https://journal-vniispk.ru/2587-7666/article/view/392782</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article examines the role of culture in economic development from the perspective of institutional economics, which defines culture as a set of values and behavioral attitudes, with any member of society acting as a guarantor. Including culture as an informal institution allows for its organic inclusion as a component of institutional reforms, where informal rules are subject to change. Analyzing the latest theoretical and empirical work in this area, the authors operationalize cultural transformation as an independent tool for institutional design. Two main directions of cultural reforms are described: reducing transaction costs, improving coordination, and increasing the effectiveness of formal rules. The article draws on works devoted to norm-nudging and analyzing the impact of norm density on reform outcomes. Drawing on institutional theory and interdisciplinary research on norms and values, a set of cultural transformation tools is developed, along with a proposed classification and selection mechanism based on norm transmission channels and levels of social interaction. Potential failures in the design of cultural reforms are separately considered, and mechanisms for their prevention are proposed. An innovative method for gradually changing values and behavioral attitudes is proposed, based on norm density as a design parameter for cultural design. The authors not only formulate the theoretical framework for the approach but also develop a methodological foundation for empirically assessing the results of norm reform. The selection of subsystems for cultural change and norm density parameters are substantiated. The article develops a norm density index as a key parameter for cultural design methodology. Particular attention is paid to the risks and potential limitations, as well as the practical potential of C-NUDGE modeling. The results are relevant to reform designers, civil servants, and researchers in sociocultural economics.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье рассматривается роль культуры в экономическом развитии с позиции институциональной экономической школы, где культура определяется как совокупность ценностей и поведенческих установок, а гарантом выступает любой член общества. Понимание культуры в качестве неформального института позволяет органично включить её в качестве компонента институциональных реформ, где изменению подвержены неформальные правила. Анализируя новейшие теоретические и эмпирические работы в этой области, автор операционализирует культурную трансформацию как самостоятельный инструмент институционального проектирования. Описываются два основных направления культурных реформ: снижение трансакционных издержек, улучшающих координацию, и повышение эффективности формальных правил. Теоретическими базисами статьи выступают работы, посвященные норм-наджингу и анализу влияния плотности норм на результаты реформ. На основе институциональной теории и междисциплинарных исследований норм и ценностей формируется набор инструментов культурной трансформации, предлагается их классификация и механизм выбора, основанные на каналах трансмиссии норм и уровнях социального взаимодействия. Отдельно рассматриваются потенциальные сбои в проектировании культурных реформ и предлагаются механизмы их предотвращения. Предложен новаторский метод поэтапного изменения ценностей и поведенческих установок, в основе которого лежит плотность норм в качестве дизайнерского параметра культурного проектирования. Автор формирует не только теоретические рамки подхода, но и разрабатывает методологические основы для эмпирической оценки результатов реформирования норм. Обосновываются выбор подсистем для культурных изменений и параметры плотности норм. В статье разрабатывается индекс плотности норм как основной параметр методологии культурного проектирования. Особое внимание в статье уделяется рискам и возможным ограничениям, а также прикладным возможностям C-NUDGE моделирования. Результаты адресованы дизайнерам реформ, государственным служащим и исследователям социокультурной экономики.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>institutional reforms</kwd><kwd>cultural transformation</kwd><kwd>informal institutions</kwd><kwd>social norms</kwd><kwd>norm density index</kwd><kwd>norm nudging</kwd><kwd>C-NUDGE</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>институциональные реформы</kwd><kwd>культурная трансформация</kwd><kwd>неформальные институты</kwd><kwd>социальные нормы</kwd><kwd>индекс плотности норм</kwd><kwd>норм-наджинг</kwd><kwd>C-NUDGE</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aghion P., Algan Y., Cahuc P., Shleifer A. (2010). Regulation and distrust // Quarterly Journal of Economics. Vol. 125. No. 3. Pp. 1015–1049. DOI: 10.1162/qjec.2010.125.3.1015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аузан А., Никишина Е. 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