Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture
ISSN (print): 2658-6649, ISSN (online): 2658-6657 Founder: Science and Innovation Center Publishing House (Krasnoyarsk) Editor-in-Chief: Sergey K. Soldatov, Doctor of Sc. (Medicine), Professor Frequency / Access: 6 issues per year / Open Included in: White List (2nd level), Higher Attestation Commission List, RISC, Scopus Website: https://discover-journal.ru/
Science and Innovation Center Publishing House
Molecular hydrogen in the technology of artificial insemination of cows
Background. Cryopreservation of sperm from cattle is an effective method of breeding work. To increase the efficiency of cryopreservation, the improvement of synthetic diluents for freezing sperm is required. Special attention is paid to the search for new cryoprotectors capable of increasing sperm survival and preserving their fertility during cryopreservation. Purpose. Evaluation of the effectiveness of artificial insemination of cows with sperm containing molecular hydrogen. Materials and methods. For the experiment, 2 groups of animals were selected, 50 heads each. The cows of the control group were inseminated with sperm frozen in a BioXcell medium, and the animals of the experimental group with sperm frozen in a BioXcell medium with molecular hydrogen. Insemination of cows was carried out by a group method by synchronizing sexual hunting according to the "Ovsinh" scheme. The effectiveness of insemination was evaluated on the basis of rectal ultrasound examination data after insemination. A comparison was made of the effectiveness of artificial insemination of cows with sperm cryopreserved in an improved medium containing molecular hydrogen with the indicators of fertilization obtained using sperm frozen in an environment without molecular hydrogen. Results. Fertilization of cows with sperm containing molecular hydrogen increased by 11.5% after 3 months compared with the use of cryopreserved sperm without molecular hydrogen. Conclusion. The results of the experiments indicate that the use of molecular hydrogen in the composition of the medium for diluting the seed makes it possible to increase the fertilizing ability of bull sperm and increase the fertilization rates of cows during artificial insemination.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ivashchenko M.N., Deryugina A.V., Erzutov A.I., Petrov V.A., Belov A.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effect of zinc and copper ions on the morphogenesis of Robinia pseudoacacia L. in vitro culture
Background. Modification of the composition and concentration of microelements in the nutrient medium makes it possible to qualitatively assess the effect of metal ions on the morphogenic potential of plants in vitro. Purpose. To study the effect of various zinc and copper concentrations in the culture medium on the morphogenic activity of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings and regenerated plants to optimize the technology of microclonal propagation. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Biotechnology Laboratory of the Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences using R. pseudoacacia seed material and microshoots. The Murashige and Skoog protocol without the addition of phytohormones was used as the main nutrient medium. The following ranges of zinc and copper salt concentrations were used in the experiment: ZnSO4×7H2O (from 1.875 to 30 mg/l) and CuSO4×5H2O (from 3.75 to 60 mg/l). The shoot length, number of internodes and leaves, length of formed roots, and color of the leaf blade were estimated. Statistical data processing was performed using the Statistica 12 software package (StatSoft, USA). Results. The morphogenic role of zinc and copper ions in the culture medium during microclonal propagation of Robinia pseudoacacia was determined. For R. pseudoacacia seedlings and microshoots, a stimulating effect was exerted by a zinc sulfate concentration of 15 mg/l. Zn ions in the concentration range from 1.875 to 15 mg/l generally showed a stimulating effect on the processes of hemorrhizogenesis. The addition of copper ions in the studied range was manifested in a gradual inhibition of the morphogenic potential of both seedlings and cultivated microshoots of R. pseudoacacia. High concentrations of copper sulfate of 30 and 60 mg/l were sublethal for R. pseudoacacia microshoots. Conclusion. The obtained results show that the studied concentrations of zinc ions can be used as effective stimulators of R. pseudoacacia morphogenesis in vitro culture.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zholobova O.O., Tereschenko T.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The influence of bacteria of the genus Bacillus on the morphological parameters and photosynthetic apparatus of Allium cepa
Background. The cryosphere is a repository of ancient ecosystems, in particular dispersed soils that have become frozen. It is known that these soils contain a certain amount of both abiotic and biotic components, including bacterial cells in a hypometabolic state with a content of about 104-106 CFU per gram of soil. Permafrost is widespread in the northern hemisphere, and its age ranges from hundreds of thousands to millions of years, so the bacterial components they contain can be fully attributed to paleobacteria. Modern flora associations with arctic paleobacteria are of interest not only from the point of researching view the fundamental principles of interaction between various organisms, but also as a promising biotechnological resource in adaptive plant growing. Purpose. To assess the influence of arctic paleobacteria of the genus Bacillus on the morphophysiological parameters of the roots and feathers of the onion Allium cepa, as well as its photosynthetic activity at different cultivation temperatures. Materials and methods. The object of the study was the onion Allium cepa, since this plant is sensitive to various environmental factors and is a standard for studying toxicity. We used bacteria of the genus Bacillus (strain 875 TS), registered in the Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms under registration number B-12242. The following morphophysiological parameters were assessed: the number of roots and feathers, their length and weight, the number of dark and curved roots and feathers, the concentration of photosynthesis pigments in the green part of Allium cepa seedlings using absorption spectrophotometry. Results. The conducted research have shown that bacteria of the genus Bacillus strain 875 TS from permafrost rocks in a concentration of 104 at an incubation temperature of 36 ° C have the greatest positive effect on the content of photosynthetic pigments, root provision and development of the vegetative part of the onion Allium cepa. Conclusion. Bacteria of the genus Bacillus influence plant development, in particular, the formation of the root and vegetative apparatus, enrich plants with useful substances and are a promising biological resource for the development of biopreparations to increase the yield of agricultural crops.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kastornov A.A., Petrov S.A., Subbotin A.M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Use of biochar to intensify the composting process of chicken manure
Background. A comprehensive study of the factors affecting the optimization of the composting process is essential. The results of this study will contribute to a more efficient and sustainable management of chicken manure waste. By optimizing the composting process with a biochar additive, the environmental and sanitary risks associated with unprocessed manure can be reduced. The resulting compost will be a valuable organic fertilizer. Overall, this study can contribute to the development of organic animal waste management practices. Purpose. Evaluation of the effect of different doses of biochar based on chicken manure on physicochemical (temperature, humidity, content of biogenic elements C, N, P, K) and microbiological (respiration activity, metabolic activity of microorganisms) parameters of chicken manure composting, as well as on the phytotoxicity of the finished compost with respect to the test subject of oat plants (Avena sativa L.). Materials and methods. The object of the study was litter chicken manure with a sawdust content of less than 25%. To prepare compost mixtures, biochar was added to the original chicken manure at a dose of 0, 1, 5, 10, 15% (w:w), as well as sawdust in an amount of 33% (w:w). Composting was carried out for 150 days at a temperature of 20 °C. The content of total carbon and total nitrogen was estimated using an elemental analyzer according to the Dumas-Pregl method. The size and nature of biochar pores were determined by scanning electron microscopy. The specific surface area of biochar was estimated in accordance with the method for determining the specific surface area from isotherms in the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) model and the laser diffraction method according to GOST R 8.777-2011. Humidity was determined by the air-thermal method in accordance with GOST 28268-89. Respiration activity was assessed according to ISO 14240-1. The total metabolic activity of microbial communities of compost mixtures was determined using the AWCD (average cell color density) index and Biolog Ecoplates (Biolog Inc., USA). The phytotoxicity of the compost mixtures was assessed using the germination index (GI) of oat (Avena sativa L.) plants in accordance with ISO 11269.1:2012. Results. It was shown that biochar application had no significant effect on the composting temperature regime - all compost mixtures studied were characterized by traditional temperature dynamics. To maintain the recommended moisture level, the most optimal doses were biochar doses of 10 and 15%. A positive effect on the content of nutrients C, N, P and K in the final compost mixtures was found when using 10 and 15% biochar. No influence of biochar on microbiological parameters of composting (respiration activity, metabolic activity) was observed, while maintaining positive dynamics of the composting process. Evaluation of biochar influence on phytotoxicity of composts showed that when using the highest dose of biochar (15%) the maximum value of germination index GI (118%) was found for oat plants (Avena sativa L.). Conclusion. Thus, this study highlights the potential of using biochar derived from chicken manure to improve the composting process and enhance the quality of the final product. The results show that the incorporation of biochar into the composting process of chicken manure not only contributes to better nutrient retention, but also promotes healthier plant growth, thus offering a sustainable solution for poultry waste management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Danilova N.V., Biktasheva L.R., Kuryntseva P.A., Galitskaya P.Y., Selivanovskaya S.Y. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Spatial distribution of the Cool Night Index (CI) on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula
Background. One of the most important indices used in viticulture is the Cool Night Index (CI), which characterizes the conditions of accumulation of coloring and aromatic substances during grape ripening. Purpose. To study the spatial distribution of the Cool Night Index (CI) on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula. Materials and methods. Daily data from 16 meteorological stations of the Crimean Peninsula for 2006-2014 and 2017-2020 obtained from the resource https://rp5.ru/ and verified on the basis of official decade data provided by Federal State Budgetary Institution Crimean Administration on Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring were used. The SRTM-3 digital elevation model was used to analyze the spatial distribution of morphometric relief features. Spatial data analysis and modeling were carried out using GIS QGIS Desktop. Calculation of the Cool Night Index was carried out in accordance with Resolution OIV 423-2012. The coefficients in the mathematical model were selected using the least squares method. Results. As a result of this work long-term meteorological data on 16 meteorological stations of the Crimean Peninsula necessary for calculating the Cool Night Index have been collected and analyzed; the value of the Cool Night Index at meteorological stations of the Crimean Peninsula has been calculated; a mathematical model describing the regularities of spatial variation of the Cool Night Index under the influence of geomorphological characteristics of the area has been built; a large-scale digital map of the spatial distribution of the Cool Night Index on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula has been built; the ratio of the areas of territories with different ranges of the Cool Night Index according to the generally accepted classification has been analyzed. The Crimean peninsula has a wide range of variation of the Cool Night Index allows with the right combination of grape varieties and the territory for their cultivation to obtain a wide range of high quality viticultural and wine-making products.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rybalko E.A., Baranova N.V., Erkhova A.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Comparative assessment of the impact of pollution, drought and acidification of the soil on its indicative characteristics
Background. Toxicity and biological indicators of soil condition can change not only as a result of pollution, but also under the action of unfavorable environmental factors. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of chemical pollution, short-term drought and acidification on the toxicological and bioindication characteristics of sod-podzolic soil. Research methods. The object of the study was samples of sod-podzolic soil, which experienced the independent action of three factors: cadmium pollution (6.4±0.5 mg/kg), average acidity level (pH 4.8), lack of moisture (25 days). During bioassay, Paramecium caudatum cultures and a preparation based on Escherichia coli were used, during bioindication, catalase and urease activity, the number of the main ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms in the soil were used. Results. Bioassay of water extracts from the soil showed that in 30 min test reactions, the toxicity indices increase only in samples with a medium acid reaction of the medium. E. coli in 180 minutes showed sensitivity to soil samples that had experienced drought and cadmium pollution, P. caudatum – only to drought. The level of catalase activity of the soil under all influences was comparable to the control (soil without exposure); urease activity significantly decreased only in soil with a medium acidic reaction of the medium. The number of native ammonifiers in the soil decreased with all types of exposure; oligotrophes and oligocarbophiles gained an advantage (relative to control). Conclusion. Thus, natural environmental factors can change the parameters of the ecological state of the soil in the same way as anthropogenic factors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tovstik E.V., Olkova A.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The role of agroforestry systems in the production of Triticum aestivum (regional level)
Background. Despite the proven effect of forest reclamation systems on increasing the yield of individual crops at specific research sites, the question of the reliability of the participation of the forest cover factor in yield, among many other influencing factors, remains open. The paper presents for the first time the results of research on the influence of a complex of factors: the forest cover of research facilities (districts of the Volgograd region) in the form of areas of protective forest plantations, soil fertility (humus) and precipitation on the yield of winter wheat, the main grain crop of arid territories. Materials and methods. The optimal indicator of the forest cover of agricultural land, adopted in the study, is 1.5%. A methodology for calculating the forest cover of territories belonging to other categories has been applied. Long-term time series (50 years) have been constructed and analyzed for the objects of research winter wheat yields and precipitation. The methodology of statistical analysis includes multiple regression, analysis of the coefficients of paired, partial and multiple correlations, as well as their reliability and significance. Results. Data for the period from 1973 to 2022 confirmed the zonal differences in the yield of the crop under study, which proves the constant influence of soil and climatic conditions on agricultural production in changing climate conditions. A reliable correlation of the average degree between the yield and the areas of protective forest plantations was revealed and it amounted to 0.51, It was confirmed by t-criterion of 1.86 at α 0.10. A strong connection was found between yield and soil fertility (humus), yield and rainfall – 0.85; 0.86. T- criterion amounted to 5.1 at α 0.01 (0.99). The impact of the complex of factors on yield indicators was calculated by multiple regression. The coefficient of determination R2 = 0.824 obtained in the regression model indicates that 82.4% of variations in yield are explained by the studied factors. The remaining percentages are considered to be unaccounted factors. The obtained p-values of the studied factors as soil fertility (humus) of 0.18 and precipitation of 0.40 are statistically important at a significance level of α 0.10. Conclusion. This study indicates that there is a significant contribution of grain to the productivity of agricultural land, represented by the yield of fall wheat. There is a need to create artificial plantations on agricultural lands and bring their areas to optimal forest cover indicators in order the agricultural industry to function more effectively.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pugacheva A.M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Features of the free radical status of the follicular fluid of mares in the process of folliculogenesis
Background. The maturation of germ cells is a complex and multilevel process. To increase the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies in horses, a detailed study of the mechanisms of regulation of folliculogenesis is necessary. Purpose. A lifetime study of the state of free radical status and the level of transcription factors regulating the antioxidant defense system in the follicular fluid (FF) of mares of the late transition period and the season of sexual cyclicity. Materials and methods. The study was performed on mares, crossbreeds of heavy-duty, riding and Vyatka breeds, 6-12 years old in the spring transition period and the period of normal sexual cyclicity. 4 follicle groups were formed: large (≥31mm) follicles in the spring transition period, without signs of luteinization (group 1) and with signs of luteinization (group 2); large estrous follicles (>35 mm) in the ovulatory period without hormonal treatment (group 3) and with hormonal treatment (group 4). Photometric methods were used to determine the concentration of lipid peroxidation products – TBK-reactive products and protein oxidation products – carbonyl derivatives of proteins; the activity of antioxidant enzymes – superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the level of endogenous antioxidant glutathione. The relative amounts of Nrf2, HIF-1a, VEGF and NFkB proteins were analyzed using the wester blot method. Results. In the follicles of group 3, the concentration of TBK-reactive products and carbonyl derivatives of proteins increased significantly and exceeded the values of groups 1, 2 and 4. The content of non-protein SH groups reached a maximum level in the SH-group 4, exceeding the indicators of groups 1 and 3. The activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase significantly increased in group 4 relative to group 1. The level of Nrf2 increased in the SH-group 4, HIF1a – 2 and 3 groups, NFkB and VEGFA – in group 2. Conclusion. The growth of the follicle and its preparation for ovulation in cycling mares in the summer is accompanied by the development of oxidative stress, which leads to the activation of the redox-sensitive factor Nrf2, followed by an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the level of endogenous antioxidant glutathione. For large follicles with signs of luteinization in the spring transition period, an increase in the level of VEGF and NFkB is characteristic in the FF, which may reflect the development of local hypoxia and inflammation and cause the development of the follicle along the path of luteinization without ovulation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kalashnikov V.V., Lebedeva L.F., Bakovetskaya O.V., Terekhina A.A., Solodova E.V., Abalenikhina Y.V., Shchulkin A.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
New three‑component supramolecular forms of fenbendazole: determination of comparative acute toxicity in white mice
Background. The development of new forms of anthelminthic drugs, such as supramolecular complexes of fenbendazole, is a topical task in the conditions of increasing parasite resistance to traditional drugs. Improvement of the solubility and bioavailability of fenbendazole is possible by mechanochemical modification of the substance with polymeric substances. Purpose. Synthesis and comparative evaluation of acute toxicity of new supramolecular forms of fenbendazole in an experiment on white mice. Materials and methods. The technology of mechanochemical modification of fenbendazole substance (FBZ) with the help of polymeric substances - PVP, arabinoga-lactan (AG), liquorice extract (LE) - produced solid dispersions with increased solubility. The acute toxicity of the supramolecular complexes FBZ:PVP: LE (10:45:45) and FBZ:PVP:AG (10:45:45) was studied in white mice. LD50 values were determined using probit analysis methods. Clinical observations and necropsy were used to assess toxicity. Statistical processing of the data was performed using AtteStat. Results. New supramolecular forms with higher acute toxicity than pure fenbendazole were obtained by mechanochemical processing of fenbendazole in the presence of polymeric substances. The LD50 for FBZ:PVP: LE was 43729.97 mg/kg and for FBZ:PVP:AG - 49997.07 mg/kg. The FBZ:PVP: LE complex was characterised by more pronounced dose-dependent effects, including loss of appetite, body weight and neurological symptoms compared to FBZ:PVP:AG. The highest mortality was observed in the group receiving FBZ:PVP: LE at a dose of 20000 mg/kg (50%). Conclusion. The obtained data indicate the promising use of supramolecular forms of fenbendazole to improve anthelminthic efficacy. However, increased toxicity requires further safety studies and dose optimization studies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Demkina O.V., Khalikov S.S., Khalikov M.S., Ilyin M.M., Karamushkina S.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Monitoring of genetic polymorphism of DNA markers of dairy cattle productivity
Background. Traditional dairy cattle improvement systems require significant resources and are not highly efficient. Selection based on DNA markers makes it possible to optimally form herds. Monitoring of genetic polymorphism of genes associated with improved qualities of dairy cattle is the basis for correction of breeding programs. Purpose. To study the genotypic features of dairy cattle populations in the Omsk region. Materials and methods. The object of the study is the genotypes of cows of the red steppe and black-mottled breeds. Monitoring of gene polymorphism was carried out on the basis of genetic passports of cows from 2020 to 2024. The number of genotypes of cows in the monitoring is 356 heads. Genotyping was carried out in the laboratories of KSITEST, Moscow and in the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution "GAU Northern Trans-Urals", Tyumen. SNPs have been determined by the CSN2, LGB, and GH genes. Results. The A1 allele, the CSN2 gene, has the highest proportion in the population, from 40% in the red steppe breed and up to 45% in the black-mottled one. The lowest frequency of occurrence in the black-and–white breed in the F allele is 0.71%. The proportion of CSN2A2A2 homozygotes in the red steppe breed is 23.33%, which is higher than in the black-mottled breed by 6.18%. The frequency of occurrence of the allele A of the LGB gene in black-and-white cows was 62.14% and 51.67% in the red steppe breed. From 2022 to 2024, the frequency of the desired allele of the CSN2 gene decreased by 0.06 – 0.07. The frequency of the desired allele of GH and LGB increased in 2024 in two populations. The genetic basis of the population has practically not changed over the period 2022-2024, which indicates the absence of breeding pressure, taking into account DNA markers. Conclusion. Dairy cattle populations in the Omsk region are characterized by high genetic diversity in terms of genes-markers of dairy productivity, and regular monitoring of the genetic structure of breeds will optimize the breeding process.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ivanova I.P., Yurchenko E.N., Okoneshnikova Y.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Polymorphism of microsatellite loci of cattle of the Limousine breed bred in the Republic of Bashkortostan
Background. Modern molecular genetic technologies make it possible to monitor genetic resources, both at individual and population levels, and reduce the time of genetic improvement of herds. Purpose. The given research aims to study the polymorphism of microsatellite loci in Limousine beef cattle bred in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The objectives include analysing the polymorphism of microsatellite loci in Limousine cattle, produced by absorptive crossing of Limousine bulls with dual-purpose cows (Simmental and Bestuzhev) and investigating the genetic structure and indicators of genetic diversity of Limousine cattle subpopulations. Materials and methods. The research objects are young Limousine cattle of absorptive crossing grown in the limited liability farm "Miasnoi soyuz bashkirskikh proizvoditelei (Meat Union of Bashkir Producers) and SEC Yaroslavsky. The research was conducted in the genetic laboratories of the Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla, the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Higher Education the Russian State Agricultural University named after K.A. Timiryazev and Bashkir Agricultural Research Institute of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Results. The analysis of 16 STR loci in Limousine cattle DNA revealed 116 alleles in group I, where the maternal foundation was of the Simmental breed, and 74 alleles in group II, where the maternal foundation was of the Bestuzhev breed. The average number of alleles per locus was 7.25 in group I, and 4.63 in group II. The mean number of effective alleles per locus in groups I and II was 4.14 and 3.27, respectively. Group I exhibited high Shannon index values in the loci TGLA227, BM2113, TGLA53, CSSM66, and INRA023. The observed and expected heterozygosity levels showed no significant differences. The spatial arrangement of genotypes in the principal coordinate system indicated that the studied subpopulations represent well-consolidated groups, with the preservation of individual genetic diversity in individuals, united by common ancestry and belonging to the same breed. Conclusion. The obtained results can be used for the rational use of genetic resources of cattle of the Limousine breed and the development of genetically based breeding programs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sedykh T.A., Gareeva D.I., Subkhankulov N.R., Kosilov V.I., Zorin D.N., Gladkikh M.Y., Selionova M.I. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Multiantagonistic of Streptomyces narbonensis strain PSM242 and Trichoderma sp. biocide combined in enrich media against Meloidogyne sp. root‑knot nematode on cherry tomato plants
The research focuses on the isolation and identification of Streptomyces and Meloidogyne species from soil and plant samples, particularly in oil palm plantations and tomato crops. Using the soil plating method, two Streptomyces isolates were obtained, identified as Streptomyces narbonensis through molecular techniques targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Concurrently, root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.) were extracted from symptomatic tomato plants using a modified Baerman apparatus, with morphological characteristics confirming their identity. The study further evaluates the biocontrol potential of S. narbonensis strain PSM242 and Trichoderma sp. against Meloidogyne sp. through both in vitro and field experiments. Results indicate that these biocontrol agents significantly reduce nematode populations and root gall formation, leading to enhanced growth metrics in cherry tomato plants. A factorial randomized block design was employed for data analysis, revealing that the combination of S. narbonensis and Trichoderma sp. in nutrient-enriched media yielded optimal results in controlling nematodes. Statistical analyses demonstrated that treatments combining both biocontrol agents resulted in the lowest gall diameter, weight, and juvenile nematode populations compared to controls. Additionally, significant improvements in root length and fruit weight were observed in treated plants. This research underscores the potential of utilizing microbial antagonists as sustainable alternatives for managing agricultural pests, contributing to more effective pest control strategies in crop production systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Suryaminarsih P., Lestari S.R. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The impact of light spectrum on Lactuca sativa growth in controlled conditions: New approaches and prospects for hydroponic systems
Background. In the context of modern challenges for ensuring food security and sustainable development of agrotechnologies in the Russian Federation, particular attention is being paid to optimizing plant cultivation methods in controlled environments. One of the promising methods is the use of closed hydroponic systems, where the light spectrum plays a key role in regulating growth processes and photosynthesis. This article focuses on studying the effects of different light spectra (blue, red, and mixed) on the growth of Lactuca sativa under controlled hydroponic conditions. The study presents the results of a comparative analysis of growth rates, biomass, and plant quality. Purpose. To examine the influence of different light spectra (blue, red, and mixed) on the growth and productivity of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in hydroponic conditions, to determine the optimal lighting conditions for maximizing yield and quality. Materials and Methods. The study found that blue light (450 nm) increases chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity, promoting compact plant growth with a high leaf count but reducing total biomass. Red light (660 nm, 740 nm), on the other hand, stimulates stem elongation and biomass accumulation but decreases chlorophyll content. Combined lighting (red and blue spectra) provided balanced results, ensuring optimal conditions for growth, high photosynthetic activity, and high-quality plant biomass. Results. It has been shown that the use of UAVs in agriculture in the Sakhalin region offers broad opportunities for monitoring agricultural indicators, enabling the creation of a compact and flexible data collection system through the connection and integration of various sensors, thus facilitating the development of a scalable system. A model for the application of UAVs in the ecological monitoring of agricultural lands in the Sakhalin region has been developed, featuring an original interface for real-time sensor data processing and storage in a specialized database. To implement the model, a methodology for utilizing UAVs to assess the quality state of agricultural lands in the Sakhalin region was developed and tested. Conclusions. The use of combined light spectra in hydroponic systems allows for achieving maximum productivity and quality in lettuce cultivation. The results underscore the need for further optimization of lighting conditions to promote efficient Lactuca sativa growth under hydroponic conditions and confirm the potential of closed hydroponic systems for sustainable food crop production.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abramova S.V., Boyarov E.N., Dvoinova N.F., Kuptsova O.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Purification and applying Di Linh bentonite, Lam Dong, Vietnam in improving the properties of coral sand soil in semi‑arid and saline islands
Background. Vietnam's extensive coastline and numerous islands result in a large expanse of coral sand. This type of sand possesses distinct mechanical properties, including coarseness, low nutrient content, poor moisture and water retention, and high salinity. Globally, various methods are employed to improve sandy soils by modifying their physical, chemical, and nutritional properties to create favorable conditions for plant growth. Purpose. The objective of this article is to evaluate the impact of bentonite on the surface structure of coral sand, with a focus on altering key factors such as density, bulk density, porosity, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and the field moisture-holding capacity of sand particles. Materials and methods. Bentonite powder used in this study was produced by Hiep Phu Lam Dong Joint Stock Company from the Di Linh bentonite mine in Lam Dong, Vietnam. In this study, We use physicochemical analysis methods such as: X-ray diffraction (XRD) method, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and some methods for determining the physicochemical properties of soils. Results. In this study, raw bentonite from Di Linh, Lam Dong, supplied by Hiep Phu Lam Dong Joint Stock Company, was purified using the hydrocyclone method. The purified bentonite contains 69.0% montmorillonite and exhibits a cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 54.98 meq/100g, making it an excellent material for ameliorating the limitations of coral sand. Research findings demonstrated that the addition of bentonite in varying proportions significantly enhanced the physical and chemical properties of coral sand. Key improvements included the increases in soil density (2.5–2.6 g/cm³) and bulk density (1.25 g/cm³), leading to a soil porosity of 50.02%. Furthermore, properties such as moisture retention and water-holding capacity were markedly improved due to the intrinsic characteristics of bentonite. At a supplementation rate of 3%, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased by over 83%, while electrical conductivity (EC) reached 470 µS/cm. Conclusion. These enhancements are promising for improving the nutrient retention and exchange capacity of coral sand, thereby fostering better plant growth.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nguyen C.T., Vu D.N., Vo T.H., Dinh T.T., Le T.H., Vu M.T., Do V.T., Nguyen V.T. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The use of low‑arrow lands for landscape and terrace gardening on the slopes of Stavropol region
Background. The northern and north-eastern slopes of Stavropol regio, which are unsuitable for growing field crops have favorable natural and climatic conditions that meet the biological requirements of the sweet cherry crop. Modern agricultural production technology does not sufficiently take into account the needs of sweet cherry in well-drained soils, relatively low frost resistance and early flowering of varieties, self-fertility of the crop, high requirements for the selection and placement of pollinator varieties, as well as the organization of cross-pollination of flowers by various types of insects. Purpose. The aim was to work out the practical recommendations for growing cherries on low-arable slopes of the Stavropol region with a steepness of up to 15-20 degrees. Materials and methods. The researches were conducted from 2007 to 2024 on experimental production gentle slopes in the central and foothill zones of the Stavropol region. While designing the width of the terrace fabric, there were used the recommendations for the care of agricultural crops. The agroecological and biological potential of garden agrolandscapes was determined in accordance with the methods of variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops. Field studies were carried out according to the "Methodological recommendations for phytosanitary and toxicological monitoring of fruit species and berry bushes". The yield was taken into account by the weight method. Results. The existing principles of pruning and crown formation are of little use in a cherry orchard. The possibility of implementing mechanized technologies for pruning and harvesting is not taken into account. Uneven precipitation only in cherries has catastrophic losses of fruit yield due to their cracking. Forecasting, prevention and dumping regulation of abiotic factors are rarely used. Conclusion. Recommendations are offered for the placement and formation of the structure of cherry plantations, crop care, the possibilities of reducing the cost price by improving the varietal composition and machine suitability of plantings are revealed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Apolokhov F.F., Andrusenko S.F., Usov I.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Structural and floristics characteristics of three typical successional stages of the tropical evergreen broadleaf forest in Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam
Background. Structural and floristic characteristics are a crucial aspect in proposing technical solutions for forest ecosystem restoration. The study was conducted in Kon Chu Rang Natural Reserve, Gia Lai, Vietnam. The differences in structure (such as density, tree size, abundance, diversity, species composition, etc.) between secondary and old-growth forests were shown in the several previous researches. However, within secondary forests, different histories of disturbance have resulted in very different stages of forest succession, despite the same length of time since human influence ceased and the same protection conditions. Secondary forests recovering after shifting cultivation, with directly light and fast-growing species, have higher density and abundance, while tree size indices and the number of dominant species are lower compared to secondary forests recovering after logging, which are mainly composed of shade-tolerant species. The research results provided a basis for group classification and the application of silvicultural measures to effectively promote forest recovery processes. Purpose. To study the potential for natural successional recovery as a basis for proposing the application of silvicultural measures to rehebilitate the evergreen closed tropical rain forest in the Kon Ha Nung Biosphere Reserve. Materials and methods. The subject of the study was the tropical evergreen broadleaf forest types in Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve. In this study, satellite imagery (Landsat 8) was collected in the same season from 2013 to 2022 and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was calculated to determine the forest successional stages of tropical evergreen broadleaf rainforest in Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve. The results of classification combined with field survey based on the establishment of 09 permanent sample plots (50×50 m, 2,500 m²) to ensure the forest successional stages. These plots were established in each typical successional stage (secondary forest after logging, secondary forest after shifting cultivation, and old-growth forest). In each plot, all live woody stems with a diameter at breast height greater than 10 cm were measured, including tree diameter at breast height and tree species. All data collected in each plot were then used for data analysis using SPSS software. This research conducted an ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) with a Fisher's Least Significant Difference post hoc test to explore differences between multiple group means of tree density, number of trees distribution in each group of tree diameter, tree diameter, basal area and tree diversity. In addition, to investigate forest structure and diversity, the Impotance Value Index, Shannon-Wiener Index (He') and Simpson Index, and Jaccard's coefficient of similarity were calculated in this study. Results. Tree density ranged from 347 to 763 stems per hectare and total basal area from 15.5 to 42.8 m² per hectare. No significant difference was observed among the three forest types for tree diameter classes from 10 to 25 cm, while for tree diameter classes greater than 25 cm, old growth forest had the highest tree density, significantly different from the others. A decrease in tree density was observed in all forest types except old growth, which had the highest tree density and basal area for tree diameter classes greater than 25 cm. Diversity was found to be significantly higher in the old-growth forest compared to the secondary forest, which may be due to the duration of the restoration process and the initial stage of disturbance cessation. A total of 31 to 43 tree species were identified in 28-38 genera and 19-22 families, with the lowest species richness observed in the secondary forest after logging and only 3-7 tree species calculated in the tree composition. The dominant species in the post-logging secondary forest were heliophilous and fast-growing tree species such as Machilus parviflora, Macaranga tanarius, Litsea elongata, Clausena sp. and Prunus arborea, whereas in the post-shifting secondary forest they were shade-tolerant such as Rehderodendron truongsonense, Cinnamomum mairei, Castanopsis pseudoserrata, Litsea elongata, Syzygium wightianum. In particular, the associations of Clusiaceae and Myrtaceae species in old-growth forests were a novel finding. Conclusions. It can be concluded that the structure and diversity characteristics of these successional stages exhibited remarkable variation. The old-growth forest had greater tree density, basal area, tree diversity and evenness than those of in secondary forest, along with the differences in number tree distribution, tree composition and diversity. These differences may come from the regeneration time and site condition. These results suggest that long-term monitoring and research are essential to assess restoration success over time.
Copyright (c) 2025 Huong T.T., Hoi N.D., Cuong D.H., Minh N. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The model of functioning of a modern timber industry enterprise as a basis for sustainable development
Background. The forestry industry is one of the most promising in the structure of the country's economy. For its qualitative transformation, it is necessary to develop and implement development strategies and models at industry enterprises that meet modern requirements. World practice and scientific developments point to the need to adopt the principles of sustainable development. In this regard, the models of functioning of modern timber enterprises should take into account a complex of factors related to the economy, ecology and the social sphere. Purpose. The analysis of the peculiarities of the development of enterprises of the forest industry in modern conditions and the development of a model of their sustainable development. Materials and methods. The research is based on the works of domestic and foreign scientists, statistical data on the production activities of Russian timber enterprises, and expert opinions regarding the current opinion on the development of the industry. Data processing was performed using Microsoft Office programs. The prediction was performed using the exponential smoothing method. Results. As a result of the conducted research, the model of development of a timber industry enterprise. Its key elements are four structures: economic, industrial, environmental and innovative. An important aspect in the development of industry enterprises is the need for sustainable development. Using the exponential smoothing method, predictive models of changes in production indicators of industry enterprises were obtained. The results obtained are new and can be used from both theoretical and applied points of view. Conclusion. The study confirmed the hypothesis about the importance of modeling the activities of enterprises in the forestry industry, while focusing on sustainable development will be key to competitiveness in the near future.
Copyright (c) 2025 Medvedev S.O., Nazarova A.K. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The influence of organomineral fertilizers on productivity and quality indicators of Italia grape variety and correlation‑statistical analysis of the studied factors
Background. To study the characteristics of chlorophyll accumulation, the increase in leaf surface area, and to evaluate the effectiveness of using the OMU 'Torfoprodukt' preparations on table grapes. To study the features of chlorophyll accumulation and the increase in leaf surface area of grapevines when using organomineral fertilizers (OMF) "Torfprodukt" and to assess the effectiveness of applying products from this group. Materials and Methods. Purpose. The article presents two years of research on the effectiveness of organomineral fertilizers (OMF) from the company "Torfoprodukt" on productivity and quality indicators of table grapes of the Italia variety in the mountainous valley-seaside grape-growing region of Crimea. The nature of the relationship between grape yield per bush and leaf surface area, as well as the average chlorophyll concentration in grape leaves, was mathematically analyzed. Results and conclusion. The analysis showed that vegetative treatments with OMF "Torfoprodukt" increased grape yield by 7.8% compared to the control. The standard production level of the Italia variety increased by 2.6%. Sugar concentration rose by 6.3%, while titratable acids decreased by 9.8%. Mathematical analysis revealed a strong correlation between yield and leaf surface area, as well as pigment concentration in leaves (correlation coefficient 0.80-0.90). The coefficient of determination R² was 0.71-0.81, indicating that yield depends 80% on leaf area and 75% on chlorophyll content. The dispersion analysis confirms the influence of these factors on yield (p<0.05), demonstrating the high effectiveness of the preparation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Boiko V.A., Belash D.Y., Levchenko S.V., Romanov A.V., Brichkov A.S., Voronina L.A., Zharkova V.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Study the impact of purified staphyloxanthin extracted from Staphylococcus aureus on CAL‑51 cancer cell line
Background. Breast cancer is a disease characterized by the abnormal growth of breast cells, which can grow uncontrollably and form tumors. If left untreated, these tumors can spread throughout the body and become life-threatening. The CAL51 cell line was first isolated from a malignant pleural effusion of a woman with metastatic breast cancer. These cells grow in continuous culture and exhibit the morphological and ultrastructural features of epithelial cells of mammary origin. They are tumorigenic in nude mice and form colonies in soft agar. Estrogen receptors are not detected in these cells. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of purified staphyloxanthin on a specific breast cancer model, the CAL51 cell line, and to demonstrate the pigment's effect as a potential treatment for this type of cancer. The study also sought to determine the ideal concentration of staphyloxanthin required to inhibit tumor cell growth. In addition, it evaluated the effect of the pigment on a normal, non-malignant cell line (REF cells). Materials and methods. A total of 106 specimens were collected from hospitals in Baghdad. Patients of different age groups, both male and female, were included in the study, which spanned from October to April 2023. All bacterial isolates were examined for their microscopic, biochemical, and cultural characteristics. The results were further confirmed using the Vitek2 system. Staphyloxanthin was extracted using ethyl acetate and acetone as solvents and purified through column chromatography. Four concentrations of the staphyloxanthin pigment, incubated for 24 hours, were used in the trial treatment of the CAL-51 tumor cell line and the normal REF cell line in vitro. Results. A total of 53 bacterial isolates were collected, with 50% identified as Staphylococcus aureus. The results indicated that the primary source of S. aureus infection was the nasal cavity (from patients and medical staff), followed by wound ulcers and burns, which accounted for 38.7% of the infections. These sites were identified as the most common sources of bacterial infection. In addition, the results showed that bacterial infections in urine and blood samples accounted for 22% and 26%, respectively, while 21% of the isolates were obtained from eye samples. Other sources of bacterial isolates were found at lower levels. The ability of the bacteria to produce the pigment was tested, with the TID12 strain showing the highest production value of 1.87. The extracted pigment concentration was 170.997 U/cell. In the CAL-51 tumor cell line, the maximum inhibition rate was 83% at a concentration of 1000 µg/ml, followed by 76% at 500 µg/ml, 73% at 250 µg/ml, and 70% at 125 µg/ml. In contrast, for the normal REF cell line, tested at the maximum time point of 72 hours, the inhibition rate was significantly lower: 28% at 1000 µg/ml, 25% at 500 µg/ml, 22% at 250 µg/ml, and 20% at 125 µg/ml. Conclusion. The purified staphyloxanthin pigment demonstrated a cytotoxic effect on the CAL-51 cell line at varying concentrations. However, it exhibited little to no effect on the normal REF cell line.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hassan T.H., Ali H.A., Sharba M.M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Simulation training for doctors and students using virtual technologies is an effective tool for developing meta‑subject skills and searching for anthropocentric insights
Background. The relevance of scientific research has become a conceptual rethinking of the enormous potential and impact on the professional training of students and the work activity of medical workers of innovative methods, such as neural networks, complemented by simulation and online virtual space. In this article, the authors consider the possibility of interaction of simulation content with the real needs of learning users, which will revolutionize training in the healthcare sector and make it more attractive and effective. The purpose of the research question was to substantiate the use of simulation learning technologies as a tool for the formation of meta-subject skills and the search for anthropocentric insights by personalizing the learning processes of doctors and students. Perhaps receiving feedback from students (students, medical specialists) will become a link to obtain the synergistic effects of an interdisciplinary approach. Materials and methods. To achieve the goals set by this article, a questionnaire for an anonymous survey (Student Questionnaire) was developed on the Google Drive cloud platform to securely provide access to students. The questionnaire included 5 questions with 5 answer options from “completely agree” to “completely disagree.” Statistical processing was carried out using Excel 2000, Microsoft Office 2000 and statistical packages Statistica 6.0. The indicators were stratified to determine the patterns of distribution of results. Results. For a preliminary assessment of the impact of simulation training using virtual simulators and the formation of key questions in the student’s questionnaire, the authors correlate the types of feedback with the criteria of its effectiveness for their formalization. The formalization of approaches is intended to detail and systematize approaches to the processes of individualization of training for doctors (medical students) to determine a rational list of questions in the student’s questionnaire in order to manage the changes accompanying the introduction of simulation technologies in the medical academy. Based on the respondents' feedback questionnaires, the result of the training and the rate of satisfaction with educational services were determined on certain scales. The results of the survey of 6th year medical students (256) made it possible to formulate practical recommendations and streamline educational processes. Conclusion. The above is aimed at optimizing the solution of contextual problems by students within the framework of simulation technologies, including the use of virtual simulators using meta-subject skills to find anthropocentric insights based on feedback received from the student.
Copyright (c) 2025 Miziev I.A., Akhokhova A.V., Kardanova L.D., Tlakadugova M.K., Tlupova M.V., Bechelova A.R., Tkhabisimova M.M., Medalieva A.A., Tkhabisimova N.M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Influence of drug therapy and adherence to it on the effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease
Background. Resistance to antiplatelet therapy increases the likelihood of cardiovascular complications and coronary death. Overcoming resistance to acetylsalicylic acid helps reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular events in the future. Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of the enteric-coated form of acetylsalicylic acid in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease and to consider ways to overcome resistance to it. Materials and methods. In order to assess the initial level of platelet aggregation activity, 74 patients were examined, 54 of whom formed the main group of patients with chronic coronary heart disease and 20 patients formed the control group. Results. Initially, the level of platelet aggregation activity between the groups differed significantly. The differences persisted after the use of Thrombo ASS 100 mg/day, which suggested low efficiency of antiplatelet therapy in some patients. Combined use of acetylsalicylic acid and lipid-lowering therapy, along with high motivation of patients for drug treatment, led to an additional decrease in platelet aggregation activity and a decrease in resistance to it. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate that patients with chronic coronary heart disease have significantly increased platelet aggregation activity. The use of lipid-lowering therapy and high adherence to drug treatment significantly increases the effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Demyanenko O.V., Vishnevsky V.I., Snimshchikova I.A., Revyakina M.O. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Dynamics of inflammatory markers over six months in patients with asthma who underwent COVID‑19
Background. Asthma is a chronic progressive heterogeneous respiratory disease accompanied by the development of a systemic inflammatory response. Due to the widespread prevalence of the novel coronavirus infection, there is concern about the impact of COVID-19 on patients with asthma. Current evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 activates the inflammasome response, triggering a hyperinflammatory reaction in patients with asthma, but the long-term consequences are still insufficiently studied. Purpose. To study the features of the systemic inflammatory process over six months after SARS-COV-2 infection in individuals with asthma. Materials and methods. In patients with mild, partially controlled asthma after mild COVID-19 infection (n = 52) and individuals with asthma (n = 34) who did not contract COVID-19, an assessment of inflammatory markers in peripheral blood was performed. Patients were examined immediately after recovery and confirmation of a negative SARS-COV-2 test result; one month, three months, and six months after the infection. The control group included conditionally healthy volunteers (n=15) who did not contract COVID-19. The cellular composition of peripheral blood, ESR, CRP, D-dimer levels were determined by classical methods; interleukin concentrations: (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18, NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, gasdermin D (GSDMD) were measured by ELISA methods. Results. It was revealed that for all studied parameters, there is a slow decrease in the level of indicators by six months. The levels of GSDMD, platelets, IL-1β, D-dimer, ESR, IL-6, NLRP3 after six months do not reach the values of the control group, which indicates a persistent hyperinflammatory response of the immune system. Conclusion. Activation of NLRP3 and gasdermin D by the SARS-CoV-2 virus directly or indirectly can lead to dysregulation of inflammasome-mediated mechanisms, triggering and maintaining a hyperinflammatory reaction for six months, prolonging the recovery process in patients with asthma. The study of these processes will expand the understanding of the pathological mechanism. This will allow the development of new therapeutic strategies for asthma patients who have suffered from the novel coronavirus infection.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lobova T.G., Vitkina T.I. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Neurophysiological correlates of processing significant auditory information in young people with myopia 17-19 years old
Background. Myopia in young people causes a relative deficit in the receipt of visual afferent information, as well as compensatory tension of neurophysiological mechanisms of processing auditory information at the level of the neocortex. The high rates of digitalization of education and lifestyle among young people, especially the first year of university studies, exacerbate not only the risk of myopia progression, but also the stress of information processing processes. It is important to identify neurophysiological correlates of stress in auditory information processing processes as potential neuromarkers of the risk of cognitive impairment in myopes. Purpose. To study the characteristics of cognitive evoked potentials (VP) of P300 in young people aged 17-19 with myopia. Materials and methods. 96 people, 66 girls and 30 boys participated in the study. The average age of the participants was 18.3±0.1 years. 37 participants without ophthalmopathology and 59 people with an established diagnosis of "myopia" from among the students of the medical University of Arkhangelsk. The participants were assessed for uncorrected and maximally corrected visual acuity, the value of clinical refraction (in diopters), qualitative changes, as well as the margin of relative accommodation (in diopters). The latency and amplitude of the components of cognitive auditory VP R300 were determined using the NeuronSpectr-4/VPM electroencephalograph (Neurosoft, Russia). The obtained results were processed using the statistical software package SPSS. Results. In myopes aged 17-19 years, compared with people without ophthalmopathology, the decision-making time (latency of the P3 component) in the left frontal and parietal regions of the brain is longer, and the peak amplitude of the P3 component in the left frontal and central parts of the brain is increased. The amplitude parameters of the N2-P3 component in individuals with myopia in the occipital regions of the brain were higher than in healthy participants (statistically significantly on the right) with significant differences in the severity of the anterior–posterior gradient of the amplitudes of the P2-N2 component in myopes and healthy individuals. Conclusion. In myopes aged 17-19 years, an elongation of decision-making time was revealed with the involvement of a larger amount of neuronal resources, including the resources of the visual and posterior temporal cortex of the brain, when perceiving and recognizing significant auditory information in comparison with ophthalmologically healthy individuals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zelentsov R.N., Kozhevnikova I.S., Poskotinova L.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Risk factors and health status of correctional officers: Self-assessment approaches to preclinical research
Background. The professional activities of employees of the penitentiary system are associated with a large number of psychosocial risks, which are potential sources of professional burnout and have an indirect negative impact on health both in and out of the workplace. This circumstance necessitates the timely identification of employees with health problems or signs of emotional exhaustion in the system of continuous preclinical (psychological) monitoring of health and its indicators. Purpose – the study of risk factors (sleep disorders, substance use, psycho-emotional exhaustion) and the health status of correctional officers based on self-assessment in relation to professional hardiness and burnout. Methods. The study was conducted in 2024 in the Ivanovo region among correctional officers. The study involved 34 men aged 23 to 49 years (M=23.5 years). Methods: Occupational Hardiness Questionnaire – OHQ (B. Moreno-Jimnez et al., Russian version by E.A. Shmeleva, P.A. Kislyakov), Maslach Burnout Inventory – MBI (C. Maslach, Russian version by N.E. Vodopyanova), Scale of Subjective Well-being (A. Perrudet-Badoux, G. Mendelsohn, Russian version by M.V. Sokolova), Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory – COPE (C. Carver, M. Scheier, J. Weintraub, Russian version by E.V. Kuftyak, V.I. Kislitsina). Results. The approaches to the diagnosis of risk factors and the health status of correctional officers are summarized. About 17% of correctional officers demonstrated average and below average values of self-assessment of their health. About 70% of correctional officers have average and below average values of the ratings of signs accompanying negative psycho-emotional symptoms; about 67% of correctional officers showed signs of professional burnout of varying degrees. A direct close relationship has been established between employees' self-assessments of health impairments and their current state of health, indicators of professional burnout and professional resilience. Conclusion. The identification and timely prevention of health risk factors for employees of the penal correction system is crucial in terms of improving the effectiveness of their professional activities, the effectiveness of the functioning of the teams of each of the institutions of this system, and ultimately its social effectiveness. For this purpose, the idea of continuous monitoring of health problems among medical personnel, carried out on the basis of their self-assessments, can be used.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kislyakov P.A., Tsvetkova N.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Issues of improving crop production in digital agriculture
Background. The agribusiness ensures the country’s food security, creates conditions for forming labour and demographic potential. The key industry is crop production. Purpose. To study the state of crop production in the Bryansk region. Materials and methods. The materials and methods of the study present an analytical review of agricultural innovations in crop production based on scientific and technical achievements. Results. It is shown that the region is among the leaders in the potato and grain production, and the number of profit-making organizations using resource-saving technologies is growing. The specifics of the crop production transformation into a high-tech and knowledge-intensive sphere are noted. It has been established that large and medium-sized organizations make use of digital agricultural innovations and “smart” agricultural machinery. The problems in staffing for agricultural enterprises have been identified. The ways of their solution are considered. The requirements of modern crop production for “digital” agronomists are analyzed. The necessity of further cooperation between the state, business, agrarian science, and education is shown. Conclusion. State support and implementation of programs for the development of the agricultural sector have allowed domestic producers to gain certain competitive advantages in the world agricultural market. There is a large-scale transformation of crop production into a high-tech and knowledge-intensive industry. The Bryansk region demonstrates high achievements in the agricultural sector, it provides high-quality products to the population of the region, Russian and foreign markets. Precision farming, rational use of natural resources are being introduced in farms, and “smart” agricultural machinery is being used. Staffing problems are being successfully solved at the regional level. For the further development of the regional crop production, it is necessary to accelerate the digital modernization of the agrarian sector by increasing resource availability, to develop infrastructure, systems of additional professional education and self-education, to improve the image of rural work, and to increase the level of entrepreneurial culture.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pogonyshev V.A., Torikov V.E., Pogonysheva D.A., Kovalev Y.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Fauna of fish parasites in water bodies of the north‑east of Armenia
Background. Fish parasitic diseases seriously damage fish farming, and significantly influence the fish viability. North-East region of Armenia (Sevan lake basin, and Aghstev river valley) are the most important recreation center of the country. Ecosystems of the mentioned region have been undergone antropopression signidicantly. Research of biodiversity including parasitocenoses as one of the main bioindicators of the results of anthropogenic factor`s influence in the mentioned region has an important significance from this point of view. At the same time, it should be noted that fauna of fish parasites in Aghstev river remains unexplored up to now. Purpose. Research of fauna of fish parasites in water bodies of the North-East part of Armenia, namely Sevan lake basin, and Aghstev river with Getik tributary. Materials and methods. 150 specimens of 9 fish species have been examined: silver Prussian carp, capoeta, Kura schneider, Sevan and Kura barbel, white fish, oxynoemacheilus, Kura bleak, and golden loach. Fish examination was performed at the Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology, according to the certain methodology of the parasitological dissections. Statistical processing of the results was performed by means of BioStat 2009 software. Results. 12 species of parasites were detected in the examined fishes. Fish parasite infection overall rate in water bodies of North-East Armenia was equal to 63.3%. Levels of fish infection with Diplostomum metacercariae (42%), Dactylogyrus sp. (6.67%), Rhabdochona fortunatowi (6.67%), as well as Ligula pleurocercoids (6.0%), and adult Schyzocotyle acheilognathi (6.0%) were maximal, while those with Gyrodactylus spp. (0.67%), and Allocreadium isosporum (0.67%) were minimal. The most pathogenic of the detected fish parasites were Diplostomum metacercariae infecting eye lens, and Ligula pleurocercoids located in the fish body cavity. Maximal number of the detected species of parasites has been registered in capoeta (7 species), and Kura barbel (6 species). Conclusion. Fauna of fish paraistes in water bodies of North-East Armenia does not characterized by high diversity. Fauna of fish parasites in Aghstev river is influenced by the authochthonous parasite fauna of Kura river, the right tributary of which is the river Aghstev. To a somewhat lesser extent, it is determined by invasive species of parasites that entered the region with the invasive and introduced fish species, including commercially important ones.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hovhannisyan R.L., Shcherbakov O.V., Hakobyan S.H., Mkrtchyan J.A., Rukhkyan M.Y. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Prospects for the use of calendula flower polysaccharide in the post‑stress period
Background. Stress and its consequences have become one of the most significant medical and social problems of our time, affecting about 80% of all diseases. Everyone, regardless of age, gender, culture or social status, is affected by stress. This circumstance leads to a growing interest in the study of adaptive reactions to various types of stress, their negative consequences and the search for effective and fast methods to prevent and eliminate them in modern society. The variety of adaptive reactions, their mechanisms and optimization possibilities, as well as ways to increase the body's resistance to adverse effects remain important issues of pathological physiology and pharmacology. In recent decades, a particularly relevant area has become the study of new natural plant adaptogens that can limit stress, and which are more common than traditional ones, such as ginseng, rhodiola rosea and eleutherococcus prickly. The clinical value of these new adaptogens is determined by their ability to effectively optimize the processes of emergency and long-term adaptation, which includes reducing hyperergic damage caused by stress, activating regenerative metabolic processes, prolonging the stage of resistance and preventing the development of the stage of exhaustion. In addition, new plant adaptogens should have medicinal properties, contributing to faster recovery after stress damage and dysfunction of various systems and organs. Purpose. To study the effect of polysaccharide extracted from calendula flowers on the regulation of erythropoiesis and restoration of hematopoietic functions in animals under stress, as well as to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic agent for improving the body's condition in the post-stress period. Materials and methods. In the course of the work, a review of literature data from open medical databases such as eLibrary, PubMed, Google Scholar and the Chinese CNKI citation database was conducted. The review was unsystematic in nature and was a semantic analysis of research conducted over the past 10 years (from 2014 to 2024). As a result, more than 4,000 publications were found. The materials received were analyzed and discussed by the research group, and only those papers that met the following criteria were included in the final review: the study is devoted to the study of stress mechanisms and their correction; it is an experimental or clinical study with a clearly described methodology that allows the results to be considered reliable; published in peer-reviewed scientific journals; the full-text version of the article is available in open databases or can be obtained from the authors through the Research Gate. Results. This review is devoted to the consideration of various aspects of the biological activity of plant polysaccharides, in particular those extracted from calendula officinalis flowers and the possibility of their use as effective plant adaptogens under stress. Conclusion. The results of the experiment showed that the polysaccharide helps to reduce the number of erythroblastic islets in the bone marrow and the level of red blood cells in the blood, which may indicate its ability to regulate erythropoiesis. In addition, there was a significant increase in hemoglobin levels and its concentration in erythrocytes, as well as an increase in catalase activity in erythrocyte membranes in animals treated with polysaccharide. These data confirm the possibility of using calendula polysaccharide as a therapeutic agent for restoring hematopoietic functions and improving the body's condition in the post-stress period, which opens up new prospects for further research in this field.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vanina D.S., Byalovsky Y.Y., Sychev I.A., Burzhinsky A.A., Voronina R.K. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Physiotherapy for insomnias: modern views (review)
Background. The aging of the population, the growth of information and psycho-emotional load, the deterioration of the environment have led to the fact that complaints about night sleep disorders are increasingly mentioned when patients seek medical help. The results of recent studies have shown that insomnia is a risk factor for cardiovascular complications, has a negative impact on the course of concomitant diseases, increasing the risk of their exacerbation and mortality. Taking medications is associated with a number of problems: the formation of addiction, a decrease in cognitive function, impaired daytime functioning, etc. Materials and methods. The materials were prepared on the basis of the analysis of Russian and foreign scientific publications, meta-analyses and systematic reviews of studies in which physiotherapy was used as a non-drug method of treating insomnia. Physiotherapy methods are considered in the context of evidence-based medicine. Results. The considered methods significantly expand the understanding of non-drug therapy of insomnia, which can be used to correct insomnia syndrome and in the complex treatment of many diseases. Physical factors in the treatment of insomnias can be used both independently and as part of rehabilitation programs for the treatment of other diseases. Conclusion. In the latest scientific studies, there is more and more information about the impact of sleep disorders on the course of certain diseases. Therapeutic options are generally limited due to the current lack of safe and effective pharmacological agents for long-term use. The article summarizes the current experience of using physiotherapy in the treatment of insomnia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kiryukhin O.L., Deryagina L.E., Bulatetsky S.V., Glushkova E.P. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of foot pathology resulting from combined exposure to hot weather and humid environmental conditions (literature review)
Background. Global climate warming leads to the emergence of long periods of hot weather in summer in the Russian Federation. It causes the emergence of pathologies that were previously found only in tropical countries. One of them is foot pathology resulting from the combined effects of hot weather and humid environmental conditions. It can occur in people of various specialities working in humid environmental conditions. Analysing literature sources, we found that there is a lack of information on this problem in domestic literature sources. Purpose. To increase the effectiveness of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of foot pathology arising in patients as a result of the combined effects of hot weather and humid environmental conditions, by informing medical professionals about this problem and ways of solving it. Materials and methods. We searched for publications in RSCI, PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus databases by the key word term «tropical foot». A total of 29 publications were identified, of which 24 were selected. Results. The information has been analysed and a modern view on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of «warm water immersion foot» (WWIF) and «tropical immersion foot» (TIF) has been formulated. It is revealed that the pathophysiology of these diseases is not sufficiently studied. It is noted that existing prevention and treatment measures are based on clinical experience rather than on the principles of evidence-based medicine. Conclusion. In connection with global climate warming, the need for further scientific research aimed at a comprehensive integrated study of this pathology and the development on their basis of its effective prevention and treatment is certainly relevant.
Copyright (c) 2025 Malchevskiy V.A., Murtuzaliev M.M., Sakharov S.P., Malchevskiy A.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Pharmacotherapy of peri‑implantitis in dental practice: A literature review
Background. Nowadays dental implantation is one of the most recommended methods of treatment which is aimed at eliminating defects of dentitions. However, over the past 10 years, more and more publications have described one of the most common complications that can lead to the loss of a dental implant, peri-implantitis. In domestic and foreign scientific medical sources of information, the issue of approaches to managing patients with peri-implantitis is increasingly being discussed. However, despite the introduction of the latest technologies, instruments, materials and pharmacological preparations, the medical practitioners increasingly face the problem of post-implantation complications. Purpose. To analyze the literature data on the use of pharmacological drugs in the complex therapy of post-implantation peri-implantitis. Materials and methods. To study the possibilities of using pharmaceuticals in the complex therapy of peri-implantitis, an analysis of current literature on the topic was conducted, including scientific articles, monographs and dissertations, in total 32 sources were analyzed. The work presents the opinion of Russian and foreign scientists on the topic of interest. For the analysis of literature, the following materials of the resources were used: PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and eLibrary. Results. This review presents the generalized results of studies on the use of pharmaceuticals in the complex therapy of peri-implantitis. The most recommended medicines of pharmacological groups are from the following antiseptics, antibacterial drugs, herbal medicinal products. Among antiseptics, the leader in prescriptions is 0.005% chlorhexidine solution, and among antibacterial agents, the combination of amoxicillin 2.25 g/day and metronidazole 0.5 g/day. Modern literary data suggest using pharmacotherapy in the treatment of peri-implantitis, as an addition to the main therapy. Conclusion. To achieve positive results in treatment the peri-implantitis it is necessary to approach therapy comprehensively, which means: to apply combinations of pharmacological drugs, to use additional methods of removal of microbic films from the implant base.
Copyright (c) 2025 Baksheeva S.L., Tarasova N.V., Veselova O.F., Bazylnikov V.G., Goloshchapova M.V., Treymut D.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0