Use of biochar to intensify the composting process of chicken manure

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Abstract

Background. A comprehensive study of the factors affecting the optimization of the composting process is essential. The results of this study will contribute to a more efficient and sustainable management of chicken manure waste. By optimizing the composting process with a biochar additive, the environmental and sanitary risks associated with unprocessed manure can be reduced. The resulting compost will be a valuable organic fertilizer. Overall, this study can contribute to the development of organic animal waste management practices.

Purpose. Evaluation of the effect of different doses of biochar based on chicken manure on physicochemical (temperature, humidity, content of biogenic elements C, N, P, K) and microbiological (respiration activity, metabolic activity of microorganisms) parameters of chicken manure composting, as well as on the phytotoxicity of the finished compost with respect to the test subject of oat plants (Avena sativa L.).

Materials and methods. The object of the study was litter chicken manure with a sawdust content of less than 25%. To prepare compost mixtures, biochar was added to the original chicken manure at a dose of 0, 1, 5, 10, 15% (w:w), as well as sawdust in an amount of 33% (w:w). Composting was carried out for 150 days at a temperature of 20 °C. The content of total carbon and total nitrogen was estimated using an elemental analyzer according to the Dumas-Pregl method. The size and nature of biochar pores were determined by scanning electron microscopy. The specific surface area of biochar was estimated in accordance with the method for determining the specific surface area from isotherms in the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) model and the laser diffraction method according to GOST R 8.777-2011. Humidity was determined by the air-thermal method in accordance with GOST 28268-89. Respiration activity was assessed according to ISO 14240-1. The total metabolic activity of microbial communities of compost mixtures was determined using the AWCD (average cell color density) index and Biolog Ecoplates (Biolog Inc., USA). The phytotoxicity of the compost mixtures was assessed using the germination index (GI) of oat (Avena sativa L.) plants in accordance with ISO 11269.1:2012.

Results. It was shown that biochar application had no significant effect on the composting temperature regime - all compost mixtures studied were characterized by traditional temperature dynamics. To maintain the recommended moisture level, the most optimal doses were biochar doses of 10 and 15%. A positive effect on the content of nutrients C, N, P and K in the final compost mixtures was found when using 10 and 15% biochar. No influence of biochar on microbiological parameters of composting (respiration activity, metabolic activity) was observed, while maintaining positive dynamics of the composting process. Evaluation of biochar influence on phytotoxicity of composts showed that when using the highest dose of biochar (15%) the maximum value of germination index GI (118%) was found for oat plants (Avena sativa L.).

Conclusion. Thus, this study highlights the potential of using biochar derived from chicken manure to improve the composting process and enhance the quality of the final product. The results show that the incorporation of biochar into the composting process of chicken manure not only contributes to better nutrient retention, but also promotes healthier plant growth, thus offering a sustainable solution for poultry waste management.

About the authors

Natalia V. Danilova

Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University

Author for correspondence.
Email: natasha-danilova91@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8750-0929
SPIN-code: 5696-2506
Scopus Author ID: 57200701116
ResearcherId: AAI-8891-2020

PhD (Biology), Senior Lecturer, Department of Biotechnology

 

Russian Federation, 18, Kremlevskaya Str., Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation

Liliya R. Biktasheva

Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University

Email: biktasheval@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1133-444X
SPIN-code: 2867-4922
Scopus Author ID: 56358635400
ResearcherId: N-3675-2016

PhD (Biology), Senior Lecturer, Department of Biotechnology

 

Russian Federation, 18, Kremlevskaya Str., Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation

Polina A. Kuryntseva

Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University

Email: polinazwerewa@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9274-7077
SPIN-code: 7028-8557
Scopus Author ID: 56069925000
ResearcherId: M-3407-2016

PhD (Biology), associate professor, Department of Biotechnology

 

Russian Federation, 18, Kremlevskaya Str., Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation

Polina Yu. Galitskaya

Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University

Email: gpolina33@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5070-786X
SPIN-code: 5429-0714
Scopus Author ID: 36165160200
ResearcherId: L-8847-2013

Doctor of Biological Sciences, Chief Scientist of the OpenLab “Biocontrol” research laboratory

 

Russian Federation, 18, Kremlevskaya Str., Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation

Svetlana Yu. Selivanovskaya

Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University

Email: Svetlana.Selivanovskaya@kpfu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6379-7166
SPIN-code: 4867-6900
Scopus Author ID: 6603604965
ResearcherId: L-8851-2013

Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Department of Biotechnology

 

Russian Federation, 18, Kremlevskaya Str., Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation

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