No 3 (2025)

The article focuses on the structural, semantic, and pragmatic features of the scientific metalanguage of biology and anatomy in the context of teaching Russian as a foreign language. The aim of the study is to identify linguodidactically significant characteristics of educational scientific texts and to determine ways to enhance their representativeness for non-native learners. The methodological framework is based on a comprehensive linguistic analysis at the levels of lexis, morphology, and syntax. The study identifies typical features of terminological vocabulary functioning, including synonymy, antonymy, word-formation patterns, and metaphorization. It also establishes patterns in the distribution of parts of speech, the specificity of verb aspect-tense forms, and the structural peculiarities of complex syntactic constructions. A high degree of syntactic standardization, pronounced nominalization, and syntactic compression are observed. Despite their limited presence, figurative and image-bearing elements are shown to facilitate better acquisition of terminology by foreign students. The practical significance of the research lies in substantiating the need to develop specialized teaching materials for biological and medical disciplines that take into account linguistic difficulties and the specifics of scientific text perception by non-native learners. The novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive description of the sublanguage of biology and anatomy as a linguodidactic object, as well as in the proposed linguistic criteria for optimizing educational texts.

The purpose of this publication is to examine the reasoning and practical application of provisions on exemption from criminal liability for prisoners of war. The study utilized general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction) and specialized scientific (historical, sociological) research methods, as well as content analysis. Advances in Russian criminal law theory were also incorporated into the preparation of this publication. The study concludes that the institution of exemption from criminal liability and punishment should be expanded by adding provisions on exemption from liability and punishment for prisoners of war to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The findings can be used in further analysis of the provisions of the institution of exemption from criminal liability and punishment, as well as in legislative practice.

The article analyzes the term «criminal group». Various points of view on this concept are considered, both from representatives of criminal law and criminologists. The signs characterizing the criminal group are revealed. The features of the legal regulation of the term «criminal group» under the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan are determined. It is concluded that a criminal group should be understood as a small social group engaged in joint criminal activities, having an organizational structure and representing an independent subject of illegal actions. It should be noted that from a criminalistic point of view, the concept of «criminal group» is interpreted more broadly and includes all forms of complicity, in contrast to the content of this term used in the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Many well-known experts give an unfavorable description of modern Russian criminal law policy, especially the legislative form of its implementation, noting among its shortcomings the increasing and duplicative criminalization, often devoid of proper socio-criminological grounds, the haphazard establishment of criminal responsibility, inconsistency, legal uncertainty and other deficiencies in the legal equipment of the criminal law. The noted shortcomings are not only fully relevant, but also acquire particular relevance in relation to criminal policy in relation to offences with administrative prejudice, as their construction is complicated by the problems of intersectoral differentiation of legal responsibility, delineation of crimes and administrative offences. In this regard, in order to ensure the validity and expediency of the legislative criminal law policy, the author has developed proposals to improve the use of administrative prejudice in criminal law.

The article is devoted to the study of the development of the network of parish schools in the Ekaterinoslav diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church in the period from 1882 to 1915. Based on the analysis of the reports of the Ekaterinoslav diocesan school council and publications in the «Ekaterinoslav Diocesan Gazette», the dynamics of the growth of the number of educational institutions both in the diocese as a whole and in the Rostov district in particular are traced. The author comes to the conclusion that the active creation of parish schools was part of the all-Russian conservative turn in the policy of public education of the era of Alexander III, aimed at strengthening the role of the Church in the education and moral upbringing of students. The work examines in detail the ideological and organizational work of the diocesan leadership to motivate the clergy, and also analyzes the main problems that slowed down the analyzed process, the key one of which was the chronic lack of financial resources, which fell on local parishes and the population.