阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆患者脑部的超微结构特征

封面

如何引用文章

全文:

详细

背景。随着人类寿命的延长，认知障碍问题变得日益紧迫，这种问题在老年人中较为常见，且是多种神经退行性疾病的严重综合征。根据流行病学数据，阿尔茨海默病和脑血管疾病是导致认知功能障碍的最常见原因，二者合计约占所有病例的90%。

研究目的。探讨阿尔茨海默病和脑血管病理中导致认知障碍的形态学特征。

材料和方法。本研究采用我们开发并获得专利的电子显微镜切片材料制备方法，对阿尔茨海默病和脑血管病理的老年患者的尸检脑组织进行了详细研究。

结果。电子显微镜显示，阿尔茨海默病患者的脑部常见大块网状纤维结构，紧贴髓鞘纤维，构成纤维斑块的一部分。在血管性痴呆患者的神经胶质中观察到形状不规则、内容异质的高染色物，可能是未来“弥散性”斑块的前兆。在阿尔茨海默病患者的部分脑皮层少突胶质细胞的细胞质中也可见未来 “弥散性”斑块的碎片。所有阿尔茨海默病去世患者的突触均出现了粗颗粒解体现象，包括突触复合体（即突触小泡、线粒体和突触间隙）的解体。

结论。本研究为重新认识这种难以诊断和治疗的认知障碍状态的某些病因和发病机制提供了新 的视角。

作者简介

Lyudmila S. Onishchenko

Military Medical Academy

Email: ludonis1947@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3562-1029
SPIN 代码: 4985-7683
Researcher ID: I-7566-2016

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

Andrey Yu. Emelin

Military Medical Academy

Email: emelinand@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5801-1480
SPIN 代码: 9650-1368
Scopus 作者 ID: 35773115100
Researcher ID: 1-8241-2016

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

Olga V. Zueva

City Polyclinic N 106

Email: vmeda-nio@mil.ru

MD

俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

Dmitriy E. Dyskin

Military Medical Academy

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: drabovsk@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2855-2953
SPIN 代码: 6662-9481
Scopus 作者 ID: 6602481680
Researcher ID: J-3336-2016

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

参考

  1. Emelin AYu, Lobzin VYu, Vorobyov SV. Cognitive impairment: a guide for physicians. Moscow; 2019. 416 р. (In Russ.)
  2. Emelin AYu. Kognitivnye narusheniya pri tserebrovaskulyarnoi bolezni (patogenez, klinika, differentsialnaya diagnostika) [dissertation]. Saint Petersburg; 2010. Available from: https://www.dissercat.com/content/kognitivnye-narusheniya-pri-tserebrovaskulyarnoi-bolezni-patogenez-klinika-differentsialnaya-diagnostika yaysclid=m2f6vuqu5a535301348 (In Russ.)
  3. Gorelick P, Scuteri A, Black S, Decarli C. Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2011;42(9):2672–2713. doi: 10.1161/STR.0b013e3182299496
  4. Jellinger KA. Pathology and pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment — a critical update. Front Aging Neurosci 2013;5:17. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00017
  5. Barbay M, Taillia H, Nédélec-Ciceri C, et al. GRECOG–VASC Study Group. Prevalence of Poststroke Neurocognitive Disorders Using National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke–Canadian Stroke Network, VASCOG Criteria (Vascular Behavioral and Cognitive Disorders), and Optimized Criteria of Cognitive Deficit. Stroke. 2018;49(5):1141–1147. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.018889
  6. Gearing M, Mirra SS, Hedreen J, et al. The consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer’s disease (CERAD). Part X. Neuropathology confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology. 1995;45(3 Pt 1):461–466. doi: 10.1212/wnl.45.3.461
  7. Esiri MM, Wilcock GK, Morris JH. Neuropathological assessment of the lesions of significance in vascular dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1997;63(6):749–753. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.63.6.749
  8. Gold G, Bouras C, Canuto A, et al. Clinicopathological validation study of four sets of clinical criteria for vascular dementia. Amer J Psychiatry. 2002;159(1):82–87. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.1.82
  9. Charidimou A, Pantoni L, Love S. The concept of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease: a road map on key definitions and current concepts. Int J Stroke. 2016;11(1):6–18. doi: 10.1177/1747493015607485
  10. Iadecola C. The pathobiology of vascular dementia // Neuron. 2013;80(4):844–866. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.008
  11. McAleese K, Alafuzoff I, Charidimou A, et al. Post-mortem assessment in vascular dementia: advances and aspirations. BMC Medicine. 2016; 14:129. doi: 10.1186/s12916-016-0676-5
  12. Gaikova ON, Trofimova TN, Onishchenko LS, et al. Morphological specificities of brain cortex neurons in Alzheimer’s type dementia and vascular dementia. Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy. 2012;(3(39)):193–200. (In Russ.) EDN: PKBRIN
  13. Patent RUS N2790929 C1 / 28.02.2023. MPK G01N33/48, G01N1/28. Onishchenko LS, Gnevyshev EN, Zhivolupov SA et al. Method for preparing sectional material for electron microscopic study of the nervous system. EDN: BAMQBA. Available from: https://yandex.ru/patents/doc/RU2790929C1_20230228?ysclid=m2f8jujhsp272284920 (In Russ.) EDN: BAMQBA
  14. Nagy Z. The last neuronal division: a unifying hypothesis for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. J Cell Mol Med. 2005;9(3): 531–541. doi: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2005.tb 00485.x
  15. Walsh DM, Klyubin I, Fadeeva JV, et al. Amyloid–β oligomers: their production, toxicity and therapeutic inhibition. Biochem Soc Trans. 2002;30(4):552–557. doi: 10.1042/bst0300552x
  16. Korczyn AD. Mixed dementia the most common cause of dementia. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002;977:129–134. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04807.x
  17. Sadowski M, Pankiewicz J, Scholtzova H, et al. Links between the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Neurochem Res. 2004; 29(6):1257–1266. doi: 10.1023/b: nere.0000023612.66691.e6
  18. Jellinger KA, Mitter-Ferstl E. The impact of cerebrovascular lesions in Alzheimer disease — a comparative autopsy study. J Neurol. 2003; 250(9):1050–1055. doi: 10.1007/s00415-003-0142-0
  19. Kalaria RN. Small vessel disease and Alzheimer’s dementia: pathological considerations. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2002;13 Suppl 2:48–52. doi: 10.1159/000049150

补充文件

附件文件
动作
1. JATS XML
下载
2. Fig. 1. Fiber plaques (arrows) in the parietal cortex of the brain in dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. MB — myelinated fibers. Magn. a ×10,000, b ×12,500

下载 (249KB)
索引源数据
3. Fig. 2. a — formation of a “diffuse” plaque in the neuropil in vascular dementsia. Magn. ×20,000; b — dementsia of the Alzheimer’s type. Fragments of immature “diffuse” plaque in the cytoplasm of oligodendrocyte (arrows). Я — nucleus of the oligodendrocyte. Magn. ×6300

下载 (237KB)
索引源数据
4. Fig. 3. Hyperchromic neuron in dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. In the cytoplasm of the neuron are “finger-like” formations from the tubules of the granular endoplasmic reticulum (arrows). Magn. ×6600

下载 (135KB)
索引源数据
5. Fig. 4. Multipolar synapse in dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Mx —mitochondrion, arrows — synaptic contact zones. Magn. ×25,000

下载 (94KB)
索引源数据

版权所有 © Eco-Vector, 2024

Creative Commons License
此作品已接受知识共享署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎 4.0国际许可协议的许可。

Согласие на обработку персональных данных

 

Используя сайт https://journals.rcsi.science, я (далее – «Пользователь» или «Субъект персональных данных») даю согласие на обработку персональных данных на этом сайте (текст Согласия) и на обработку персональных данных с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика» (текст Согласия).