Possibilities of gene, cellular and pharmacological approaches to correct age-related changes

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Abstract

Improvement of the human habitat has led to an increase in average life expectancy. Long life goes hand in hand with old age, which reduces the quality of human life and it is an acute social problem. Thus, the search for approaches that can improve the quality of life, the ability to live it without age-related diseases is an extremely urgent task. Aging of the body begins with the aging of cells, in which the activation of the aging process occurs through the induction of specific signaling pathways, which irreversibly divides the life of any cell into “before and after”. Aging cells are able to influence their microenvironment, secreting more inflammatory signaling molecules and inducing pathological changes in neighboring cells. The accumulation and long-term preservation of aged cells lead to deterioration of the condition of tissues and organs, and ultimately to a decrease in the quality of life and an increased risk of death. Among the most promising approaches to the correction of aging and age-related diseases are pharmacological, gene and cell therapy. Increasing the expression of aging suppressor genes, using certain populations of native and genetically modified cells, as well as senolytic drugs can help delay aging and associated diseases for a more distant future. This review examines currently studied approaches and achievements in the field of anti-aging therapy, in particular gene therapy using adeno-associated vectors and approaches based on cell therapy.

About the authors

Kristina V. Kitaeva

Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University

Author for correspondence.
Email: olleth@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0704-8141
SPIN-code: 6937-6311

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, OpenLab Genetic and Cellular Technologies Research Laboratory, Assoc. Prof., Depart. of Genetics

Russian Federation, Kazan

Valeriya V. Solovyeva

Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University

Email: solovyovavv@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8776-3662
SPIN-code: 8796-3760

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Leading Researcher, OpenLab Genetic and Cellular Technologies Research Laboratory, Assoc. Prof, Depart. of Genetics

Russian Federation, Kazan

Ivan Yu. Filin

Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University

Email: filin.ivy@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3661-0527
SPIN-code: 7595-0257

Research Fellow, OpenLab Genetic and Cellular Technologies Research Laboratory, Assistant, Depart. of Genetics

Russian Federation, Kazan

Yana O. Mukhamedshina

Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University; Kazan State Medical University

Email: YOMuhamedshina@kpfu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9435-340X
SPIN-code: 8569-9002

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, OpenLab Genetic and Cellular Technologies Research Laboratory; Assoc. Prof., Depart. of Histology, Cytology and Embryology

Russian Federation, Kazan; Kazan

Albert A. Rizvanov

Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University; Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan

Email: albert.Rizvanov@kpfu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9427-5739
SPIN-code: 7031-5996

Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Chief Researcher, OpenLab Genetic and Cellular Technologies Research Laboratory, Prof., Depart. of Genetics

Russian Federation, Kazan; Kazan

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2. Fig. 1. General scheme of the cell aging pathway. The impact of a number of factors triggers the activation of the p16 and p53–p21 signaling pathways, which leads to complete aging of the cell, which can be completed by the elimination of the cell from the tissue by the immune system or by long-term preservation of the pathologically functioning cell and its pathological effect on the microenvironment in the tissue

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