Современные аспекты разработки и применения мочеточниковых стентов с лекарственным покрытием: от экспериментальных моделей к клинической практике

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Аннотация

Мочеточниковые стенты широко применяют в урологической практике для восстановления проходимости мочевых путей при обструкции различного генеза. Однако их использование часто сопровождается осложнениями, включая инфекции мочевых путей, образование биопленок, инкрустацию, воспаление и дискомфорт у пациентов. Современные исследования направлены на создание стентов нового поколения с лекарственным покрытием, обеспечивающих локальное и пролонгированное высвобождение фармакологически активных веществ. В обзоре систематизированы данные о современных типах стентов с лекарственным покрытием, используемым в урологии, включая антибактериальные, противовоспалительные и противоопухолевые препараты, а также анализ их эффективности и ограничений. Представлены результаты экспериментальных и клинических исследований, демонстрирующие потенциал стентов с контролируемым высвобождением лекарств для снижения риска инфекций, гиперплазии и стриктур мочеточника. Обсуждаются проблемы биосовместимости, деградации материалов, лекарственной устойчивости и перспективы внедрения биоразлагаемых и «умных» стентов, основанных на нанотехнологиях и 3D-печати. Развитие таких конструкций способно существенно повысить эффективность и безопасность стентирования, улучшить качество жизни пациентов и обозначить новое направление в минимально инвазивной урологической терапии.

Об авторах

Надежда Александровна Мосягина

Луганский государственный медицинский университет им. Святителя Луки

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: rrstr1990@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9176-8549
SPIN-код: 8766-2689

MD

Россия, Луганск

Анастасия Вадимовна Кузьмина

Ростовский государственный медицинский университет

Email: anastasia.kuzmina542@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-0452-9970
Россия, Ростов-на-Дону

Кристина Арсеновна Гацалова

Ростовский государственный медицинский университет

Email: qcrsss@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-6050-7903
Россия, Ростов-на-Дону

Руслан Энверович Гацалов

Ростовский государственный медицинский университет

Email: gatsalov_r@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-6124-655X
Россия, Ростов-на-Дону

Муслим Мерданович Джумаев

Ростовский государственный медицинский университет

Email: real2_iphone7@icloud.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-8235-0589
Россия, Ростов-на-Дону

Рамиль Рашидович Долаев

Ростовский государственный медицинский университет

Email: ramil.dolaev1234@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-0956-6592
Россия, Ростов-на-Дону

Рустам Исматуллаевич Джаливов

Ростовский государственный медицинский университет

Email: rustam.dzhalivov@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-6094-2485
Россия, Ростов-на-Дону

Ислам Абусупьянович Абуков

Ростовский государственный медицинский университет

Email: islamabukov3@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-5382-3456
Россия, Ростов-на-Дону

Арина Рамисовна Абдуллаева

Ростовский государственный медицинский университет

Email: Abdullaeva_arina1@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-4667-3702
Россия, Ростов-на-Дону

Асмик Севаковна Геворкян

Ростовский государственный медицинский университет

Email: asmikbabajan@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-1882-7129
Россия, Ростов-на-Дону

Никита Львович Семкин

Ростовский государственный медицинский университет

Email: sjomk1n@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-8592-4428
Россия, Ростов-на-Дону

Наталья Сергеевна Сурженко

Ростовский государственный медицинский университет

Email: Kakokha.natasha@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-4107-848X
Россия, Ростов-на-Дону

Гюльназ Ташаккюровна Мусаева

Ростовский государственный медицинский университет

Email: GMusaeva2002@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-5603-2604
Россия, Ростов-на-Дону

Милагрос Майели Йепес Вера

Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова

Email: myv262709@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-8798-2370
Россия, Москва

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