Agricultural Chemistry
Media registration certificate: ПИ № ФС 77 - 83727 от 19.08.2022
Founder: Russian Academy of Sciences
Editor-in-Chief: Glinushkin Aleksej Pavlovich, Ph.D. Agriculture, professor, academician of RAS
Number of issues per year — 12.
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No 1 (2026)
Soil Fertility
Chemical Structure of Organic Matter of Water-Stable Macroaggregates of Haplic Chernozem of Different Land Use Variants
Abstract
Original experimental data on the chemical structure of homogeneous components of organic matter (OM) of waterproof macroaggregates of typical chernozem of different land use variants were obtained, which allowed to clarify the relationship between the molecular composition of OM and the water resistance of the soil structure. It is shown that a rapid deterioration in the qualitative composition of OM of virgin chernozem under anthropogenic impact, in particular an increase of its hydrophobicity and aromaticity degree, reduces the potentiality of particles to cohesion, resulting in a sharp decline in the water resistance in Haplic Chernozem. The proportion of water-stable macroaggregates 2-1 mm in size in the composition of air-dry aggregates of the same size in Haplic Chernozems decreases sharply: 35 times ("arable land" option) and almost 300 times ("permanent bare fallow" option) compared to that in the steppe.
Agricultural Chemistry. 2026;(1):3-14
3-14
Fertilizers
Influence of Increasing Doses of Mineral Fertilizers on the Fractional Composition and Quality of Various Spring Wheat Grain Fractions
Abstract
Experimental data on the variation of the relative proportion, yield, biochemical composition, and technological qualities of fractions of spring wheat grain grown against the background of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers are presented and discussed. It is shown that grains of different wheat fractions are unequal in terms of biochemical composition (protein content, crude gluten, and the value of the “falling number” indicator), as well as technological qualities (weight of 1000 grains, grain unit, vitreousness, and ash content). Increasing doses of mineral fertilizers had a significant effect on all the studied quality indicators of various grain fractions. At the same time, the dependences of the indicators of technological qualities and biochemical composition of grain on fertilizer doses (X1) and grain thickness (X2) are as closely as possible (in terms of R2) reflected by the equations of multiple nonlinear regression. The exception was the dependence of the mass of 1000 grains, when it grew linearly with increasing doses of fertilizers and grain thickness. If the revealed dependencies of the main indicators of wheat grain quality on the doses of mineral fertilizers and grain thickness with genotypic (varietal) differences are confirmed, the data obtained can be used in the planting process.
Agricultural Chemistry. 2026;(1):15-32
15-32
Effect of Balanced Doses of Mineral Fertilizers and Weather Conditions on the Yield of Different Potato Varieties
Abstract
In 2022–2024, in the forest-steppe zone of the Chelyabinsk region, leached medium loam chernozem showed high responsiveness of new potato varieties of Ural breeding to the use of balanced doses of mineral fertilizers. The effectiveness of fertilizer application depended on the weather conditions of the growing season. In the conditions of excessively wet 2024 (HTC = 2.56), fertilizers based on a yield of 40 t/ha (on average for 3 years – N97P113K102) increased the yield of tubers of the early Argo variety by an average of 20.7 t/ha, based on a yield of 60 t/ha (N232P238K249) – by 30.6 t/ha compared to control. In the medium-early Shah variety the yield increases from the studied fertilizer doses were 17.6 and 22.8 t/ha, respectively, in the medium-ripened Sapphire variety – 8.4 and 14.4 t/ha. In the conditions of drought in 2022 (HTC = 0.67), the first dose of fertilizers increased the yield of Argo varieties by 4.5, Shakh – by 11.0, Sapphire – by 6.6 t/ha, the second dose – by 14.4, 17.5 and 14.5 t/ha, respectively. In the conditions of a lack of precipitation in the first half of the 2023 growing season and excessive moisture in August, the yield increase of the Argo variety from fertilization at a dose of N97P113K102 was 6.1, Shakh – 8.8, Sapphire – 7.5 t/ha relative to the control. The increased dose of fertilizers (N232P238K249) ensured an increase in the yield of tubers of the Argo variety by 12.9, Shakh – by 17.5, Sapphire – by 11.9 t/ha. The thickened potato planting scheme (75 × 19 cm) in the conditions of 2023–2024 caused an increase in the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers: in the Argo variety – by 1.41–1.55 times, in the Shakh variety – by 1.51–1.54 times, in the Sapphire variety – by 1.62–1.74 times compared to conventional planting (75 × 27 cm). In conditions of uneven humidification in 2023 (HTC = 1.47), the late planting date (May 29) provided the highest yield of tubers and an increase in the effect of the use of mineral fertilizers, whereas in 2024, the maximum productivity of the studied potato varieties and the greatest yield increases from fertilizers were obtained at the first planting date (May 28).
Agricultural Chemistry. 2026;(1):33-42
33-42
Plant growth regulators
Efficiency of Application of Multifunctional Preparations on Winter Wheat
Abstract
In field experiments conducted in the zone of unstable humidification of the Stavropol Krai in 2023- 2024, the positive effect of multifunctional preparations Biosil, Alfastim, Fylloton, Ikar Elais, and Ikar Fosto on winter wheat plants of Victoria 11 variety against the background of the use of mineral fertilizers was established. It was shown that plants treated with preparations in the phases of the beginning of tube entry and earing increased height growth, and the content of photosynthetic pigments - chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids - increased in the aboveground organs. The effect of preparations on growth and pigment content was most pronounced under the stress of the spring drought (2024), while the content of total chlorophyll and carotenoids in flag leaves increased relative to the control by 15.2-38.8 and 20.0-46.2%, respectively. Treatment of crops with preparations increased the gain in dry weight of plants in the earing, milk and wax ripeness phases, and increased the biological yield of grain by an average of 7.7-20.2% over 2 years compared to the control, and the highest yield was obtained with the use of Biosil and Fylloton preparations. Improvement of quality indicators and of grain grade (up to the 2nd grade level) in relation to control were noted in the conditions of 2024 in variants using Biosil, Ikar Elais, and Ikar Fosto preparations. Ikar Fosto had the greatest effect on grain quality.
Agricultural Chemistry. 2026;(1):43-53
43-53
Пестициды
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Insecticides in the Control of the Colorado Potato Beetle in Eggplant Cultivation
Abstract
In the field experiment in 2021-2023, the biological effectiveness of the insecticides Tayra, CE and Borei Neo, CE in the control of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) when growing different varieties of eggplant (Solanum melongena) in the soil and climate of the Astrakhan Oblast was evaluated. It was shown that the use of insecticides significantly reduced the number of the Colorado potato beetle. The highest biological efficiency was recorded after double treatment with Borei Neo with a consumption rate of 200 mg/ha. On the 3rd day after treatment, a decrease in the number of pests was observed by 87.5%, on the 7th day - up to 90.0, on the 14th day - 76.9%. The Borei Neo preparation not only effectively destroyed the pest, but also increased the yield of eggplants. At the same time, the maximum nitrate content in eggplants, equal to 146 mg/kg, was recorded in the center of the fruit in the application of Borei Neo, CE and mineral fertilizers at a dose of N180P90K60. No excess of the permissible nitrate level (300 mg/kg) was recorded.
Agricultural Chemistry. 2026;(1):54-61
54-61
Agroecology
The Effect of Bacillus subtilis IB-22 on Hydraulic Conductivity and Immunolocalization of PIP2-Aquaporins in the Roots of an ABA-Deficient Barley Mutant
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) has the ability to reduce stomatal conductance and maintain water balance in plants. However, there is very little information about the nature of the effect of rhizospheric bacteria on the content of ABA in plant roots. In order to test the hypothesis of the relationship between plant growth stimulation and the ability of ABA to increase the hydraulic conductivity of roots due to the activation of aquaporins, the effect of hormone-producing bacteria on the Az34 barley mutant with impaired ABA biosynthesis was studied. Under the influence of bacterial inoculation, there was compensation for the deficiency of ABA in the Az34 mutant and an increase in endogenous ABA due to the influence of bacteria on the metabolism of this hormone. Bacterial treatment contributed to an increase in the hydraulic conductivity of plants due to an increase in the number of PIP2-aquaporins, which contributed to the manifestation of a growth-stimulating effect.
Agricultural Chemistry. 2026;(1):62-72
62-72
Ecotoxicology
Changes in the Toxic Effect of Cadmium on Spring Barley Depending on the Moisture Content of the Soil Substrate
Abstract
In a greenhouse test, when growing spring two-row barley on sod-podzolic soil and introducing Cd2+ into it at doses of 25 and 45 mg/kg, the toxic effect of cadmium on plants was revealed. The test was carried out under conditions of controlled soil moisture, which was maintained at levels of 45, 50, 55, 60, and 65% of the full moisture capacity (FMC), depending on the variant. Morphometric parameters (appearance, height of plants, their biomass, and leaf area), biochemical parameters (accumulation of MDA, total antioxidants and lipids), and crop structure (weight of straw, weight of grain, thousand-grain weight) were evaluated in test plants. In addition, the total content of heavy metals (HM) and other elements in the soil and their transition to the soil solution were estimated. It was demonstrated that the effects of cadmium stress on spring barley plants of the Zaersky 85 variety underwent significant changes depending on soil moisture. In general, with average humidity values (55-60% FMC) toxic stress was least pronounced, and with a cadmium dose of 25 mg/kg the considered indicators more or less approached the control. A cadmium dose of 45 mg/kg had a suppressive effect on plants in any case; however, maintaining optimum moisture content also contributed to a noticeable reduction in toxic effects. At the same time, with the lowest humidity (45% FMC) the plants with both doses of cadmium under consideration showed signs of serious suppression of all vital signs. A similar pattern, though to a somewhat lesser extent, was noted for excessive soil moisture (65% FMC). This was due to the fact that in such conditions plants experienced joint stress caused not only by the presence of xenobiotics in the soil environment, but also by insufficient or excessive moisture. Thus, according to the sum of the considered indicators, the optimum moisture content for growing barley plants, at which the plant body is in the best shape and is able to most effectively withstand environmental stresses of various nature, should be considered 55% FMC.
Agricultural Chemistry. 2026;(1):73-90
73-90
Reviews
Use of Sorption Technologies for Remediation of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals. Report 2. Biosorption of Heavy Metals
Abstract
The problems of microbial remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals are considered. The principles of bioremediation, including the active and passive components of this biosorption process, are shown. Examples of bioremediation of coal dumps in Kuzbass, as well as the combination of bio- and phytoremediation, are given. New directions of bioremediation are noted, in particular, using biosurfactants.
Agricultural Chemistry. 2026;(1):91-105
91-105
Associative Bacteria as Inducers of Plant Resistance to Fungal Diseases
Abstract
Modern ideas about the prospects of using associative bacteria as inducers of plant resistance to fungal phytopathogens are presented and analyzed. Plants have developed a unique strategy to counter biotic and abiotic stresses by co-evolving symbiotically with microorganisms. Beneficial bacteria associated with plants, capable of synthesizing complexes of hydrolases and biologically active compounds, stimulate their host to create protection against pathogen penetration. The synthesis of phytoalexins and proteins associated with pathogenesis, accumulation of callose, and lignification of the cell wall, as well as increased activity of various protective enzymes, are initiated in plant cells. This helps to accelerate and strengthen plant resistance, which is effective in the field and represents a natural mechanism for biological disease control.
Agricultural Chemistry. 2026;(1):106-124
106-124