卷 53, 编号 4 (2019)

An analogue of relational algebra is considered that is used to model databases when attribute values are not completely visible to the user but only up to a certain equivalence relation on domains. This case is important for so-called statistical databases, when it is necessary to provide and comprehensively analyze the summarized information on data stored in a database, but the user does not have access to personal data in the database. Similarly to the relational approach, this case introduces the concept of a hidden relationship and a system of operations with hidden relationships. Some correlations between these operations are shown and the query language is defined.

Ontological means of identification and representation of text documents semantics in relation to the problems of interactive information retrieval are considered. The implementations of ontologies operations are presented, which allow forming images of new meanings in the subject area. Taxonomies of relations (paradigmatic and syntagmatic) and entities (polythematic thesaurus of concepts) are used to perform operations, as well as to identify fuzzy relationships (in the case when entities and relationships are specified at different levels of generality and/or expressed by different linguistic constructions). Interactive tools are proposed that use the operation of constructing aspect projections for graph representations of ontologies, which make it possible to reduce the dimension of the graph to a level acceptable from the point of view of display and perception. The possibilities of context-based use of entities and relationships for the development of the search process are considered. This paper discuses the use of ontology graphs of organizational processes as a “navigation map” that provides new entry points in the graphical interface, that is, objects that will be contextually defined patterns of search queries in similarity selection tasks or expert analysis tasks. This allows one not only to increase the completeness and accuracy of information retrieval, but also to make the scheme of search navigation more natural, bringing it closer to the schemes of understanding and synthesis of knowledge.

This article considers the problem of choosing the genitive or accusative case of an object with a transitive verb under negation in the diachronic aspect from the 18th century to the beginning of the 21st century. The purpose of the study is to determine in which period and to what extent the choice of the case was influenced by the object’s certainty factor. The material is the examples from the main body of the National Corpus of Russian language with the presumptive object, that is, the names of relatives in the female line.

The Goethean opposition of light and darkness is presented as a chromatic conceptualization that involves constructing information models for quantization of radiation, reflection, transmittance, absorption, and refraction of light by matter by introducing tangential functions, which made it possible to establish the relationships between absorption and refraction of light. The principle of retaining information in the light stream led to the derivation of the relevant formulas. The relationship between the mind and the environment in the interaction of a light stream with matter is formalized.

This article analyzes the performance features of network operation in enterprises. A multilevel model of a network interaction structure and a system of information security indicators are suggested. The developed system taken as a sum of multilevel indicators and links among then allows derivation of the integral characteristics of network security, which makes it possible to solve monitoring, prediction, and network control tasks at industrial enterprises. Techniques and algorithms for comprehensive assessment of network threat risks and for justifying protection steps are presented.