Vol 52, No 3 (2018)

The conceptual design for portable equipment for low-flow detoxification of the body by peritoneal dialysis is proposed. It uses dialysis−sorption or dialysis−electrochemical (with sorption aftertreatment) technologies of regeneration of the spent solution for peritoneal dialysis.

Surgery restoring lost parts of the skull, i.e., cranioplasty, is widely used in neurosurgical practice. We have compared operations using patient-specific implants obtained by two different methods: formation based on anatomical models and direct three-dimensional printing (direct metal laser sintering, DMLS). Both methods gave comparable clinical efficacy, though the DMLS manufacturing process avoids the need for intermediate devices and produces the required implant directly, giving this method an advantage.

Hardware and procedural guidelines for monitoring the severity of ischemic damage to the lower extremities are considered. The monitoring procedure is based on measuring the intensity of blood circulation in patient’s big toe. The following state classes are distinguished: stable state, compensation, subcompensation, and decompensation.

The construction of an electret stimulator of osteoreparation (ESO) made of tantalum with an anodic oxide (AO) surface in the electret state (ES) is described. Factors leading to degradation of the ES of AO were investigated and recommendations for preventing this during manufacture, storage, and use of the ESO were developed. A polarization mechanism for propagating the effects of the electret electric field to all the main structures of the device is proposed.

The process of blood plasma coagulation was studied using the laser speckle correlation technique. Coagulation times measured in samples of different volumes using the Minilab 701 commercial coagulometer and the laser speckle correlation technique were compared. It was shown that the laser speckle correlation technique provides comparable accuracy of measurement, while allowing the sample volume to be considerably reduced.

The article describes a new computer model of the systemic circulation. It presents a comparative study of the effect of rotary pump operation in the pulsatile and non-pulsatile modes on the parameters of central hemodynamics and coronary blood flow. The pulsatile mode is shown to have the advantage of increasing the pulsation component of the aortic pressure and reducing the afterload on the left ventricle of the heart.

Increases in the numbers of surgical procedures for primary joint replacement inevitably lead to increases in the requirements for revision replacement of the hip joint. The number of patients with severe destruction of the acetabulum, in whom achievement of the implant stability is difficult or impossible, has increased. Manufacture of custom-made acetabular components is indicated in these cases. This article describes a method of filling defects in pelvic bones with custom-made implants 3D printed from medical titanium LPW-TI64-GD23-TYPE5 as specified by ASTM F136. The implant model is manufactured based on results of measurements of the density of the surrounding bone tissue using the Hounsfield scale.

This review addresses questions of the specific characteristics of power supply to implanted devices (ID), including the service life of supply elements and the level of power consumption of contemporary devices, the acceptable weight and size characteristics of ID, and priority areas for implantation. Known methods of energy transmission and transformation are compared and the ranges of potential specific power for these are determined −0.1-100 mW/cm² for wireless energy transmission, 0.0001-0.1 mW/cm² for transformation of energy for sources specific to biological objects, and less than 0.0001 mW/cm² for isotope power sources.

The effect of reconstruction parameters used in dual energy radiography on the quality of medical X-ray imaging is considered.