


Vol 53, No 1 (2019)
- Year: 2019
- Articles: 16
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/0006-3398/issue/view/14663
Theory and Design
An Experimental Study of Contactless Photoplethysmography Techniques
Abstract
The article presents the results of an experimental comparison of the accuracy characteristics of contactless photoplethysmographic systems. The hardware of the experimental setup, the principle of the software operation, the measurement technique, and the results of the comparative study are described.



Article
An Endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography System with Improved Precision of Probe Positioning
Abstract
An improved optical coherence tomography system equipped with an endoscopic probe is presented. A key feature of the described device is the possibility of high-precision positioning of the endoscopic probe. This effect is achieved by the use of microelectromechanical systems for assessing the angular velocity and acceleration. The scanning process is optically synchronized with the process of calculation of the spatial coordinates of the endoscopic probe. The expediency of using the developed system for real-time evaluation of the biomechanical properties of blood vessel walls or their phantoms is discussed.



A 3-μm Laser Perforator for Ophthalmic Surgery
Abstract
An Er:YAG laser device for effective perforation of narrow channels in biological tissues was developed. Ophthalmic application of this device for chalazion surgery demonstrated its high efficiency for treatment of young and middle-aged patients.



A Device for Studying Hemocirculation in Suture Bands in Interintestinal Anastomoses
Abstract
A device for investigating blood pressure in the intramural vessels of hollow organs and determining arterial blood hemoglobin oxygen saturation was developed; the device consists of two chambers, one containing LED lamps and the second, an emitter for determining blood oxygen saturation.



Studies of Vessels in the Microcirculatory Bed of Regenerated Bone by Scanning Electron Microscopy
Abstract
An original method for preparing injection replicas of blood vessels for studies of the microcirculatory bed of regenerated bone using scanning electron microscopy in experiments on dogs undergoing surgical limb lengthening is described. The results provide evidence of active angiogenesis processes.



Measurement of Placental Volume by 3D Modeling of Ultrasound Placentometry Results
Abstract
An original method of determining placental volume by 3D modeling of the results of ultrasound placentometry is presented. Calculations and methods for creating 3D models of the placenta are given and the effectiveness of using this method for measurement of placental volume is assessed.



A Miniature Source of Ionizing Radiation for Electronic Brachytherapy
Abstract
The paper presents a miniature source of ionizing radiation for intracavitary therapy of cancer. The developed source can be implanted near the tumor. It is shown that small radiation sources can provide satisfactory treatment results if made of new materials that have not been previously used in X-ray technology. The results of a model study of the radiation dose emitted by the source are presented. The developed source can be used in gynecology, urology, proctology, mammology, etc.



A Control and Regulation System for Extracorporeal Detoxification of Blood Plasma
Abstract
A hardware and software system for extracorporeal detoxification of blood plasma was developed. The effectiveness of the air barbotage technique for removing carbon tetrachloride from blood plasma and its mixtures with plasma substitutes was investigated. The detoxification efficiency was shown to depend on the characteristics of the obtained foams, including the foam-forming ability, froth factor, dispersity, foam scaffold stability, and syneresis. The program for monitoring and control of extracorporeal detoxification of blood plasma was tested. Physical and mathematical models of toxicant excretion in the process of extracorporeal blood purification were elaborated. The mathematical model was verified; the theoretical and experimental data were shown to be in good agreement.



A Method for Acoustic Stimulation of Muscle Tissue in Limbs
Abstract
We describe here an original method for acoustic massage of limb muscle tissue consisting of treating limb tissues with acoustic oscillations; the technical system required for using this method in restorative and sports medicine is described.



An Electrical Circuit for Biological Tissue Simulation in Electrosurgery Models
Abstract
In this article, an electrical equivalent circuit for simulation of the response of various tissues of the human body to electrosurgical treatment is proposed. The circuit can be used to optimize the output characteristics of electrosurgical devices.



Application of a Hardware and Software System of Computer Vision for Rehabilitation Training of Post-stroke Patients
Abstract
Application of a hardware and software system of computer vision for rehabilitation training of post-stroke patients allows the training procedure to be automated. It also increases the accuracy of quantitative evaluation of the results of rehabilitation and allows stage-by-stage recording of their dynamics.



A Semiautomatic Device for Optic Fiber Manipulation for Laser Proctology
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to develop a device for semiautomatic manipulation of an optical light guide for laser proctology solving the problem of increasing the accuracy of light guide positioning in low-invasive proctological laser operations using a laser coagulator for the treatment of vascular and oncological diseases. The proposed technical solution increases positioning accuracy by manipulating the optic light guide with a device with two degrees of freedom, firmly attached to the proctoscope, with adjustment of the angle using a lever mechanism and linear semiautomatic movement of the optical light guide using stepper drives. Preclinical and subsequent clinical trials of the device for laser coagulation are planned.



A Programmable System for Assessing the State of Health and Efficacy of Treatment of the Prostate Gland
Abstract
The challenge of constructing a programmable system for assessing the state of health of the prostate gland is considered. The mathematical apparatus for constructing the decision-taking model was based on the methodology of synthesizing fuzzy hybrid decision rules. The apparatus part was made using analog interfaces connected to a microcontroller.



Modeling of Thermal Radiation by the Kidney in the Microwave Range
Abstract
Thermal radiation by the multilayered structure of the part of the body containing the kidney was modeled for adaptation of waveguide antennas developed for use in breast examination to use in urology. These calculations confirmed the possibility of using microwave radiometry to detect vesicoureteral reflux and other renal pathologies.



Current X-Ray Diagnosis Technology in Neonatology
Abstract
The design of current X-ray diagnostic equipment used in neonatology and pediatrics is discussed. The parameters and functional capacities of these devices are analyzed. The technical requirements on the design of X-ray iagnostic equipment for neonatology and pediatrics under nonspecialist and nonhospital conditions are identified. A set of neonatal adaptations for X-ray imaging of extremely low birth weight neonates is proposed.



Methods of Feedback Arrangement for Smart Surgical Systems Based on Fiber Lasers
Abstract
The potentials of using various physical principles of feedback in fiber laser-based surgical systems were investigated. Different ways of providing feedback by recording and analyzing signals received from the tissue area exposed to fiber laser radiation were proposed and studied. These signals include the glow signal and the mechanical resistance to the optical fiber exerted by the tissue in the process of laser perforation. The dynamics of feedback signals during perforation of composite model samples consisting of biomodels and biotissues of various types was studied. The difference in the signals detected in different biomodels exposed to fiber laser radiation can be used for real-time differential diagnosis of evaporated biological tissues.


