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Vol 53, No 3-4 (2017)

Research, Design, Calculations, and Operating Experience

Comparative Analysis of Stressed State in Torispherical and Elliptical Heads of Pressure Vessels

Skopinskii V.N., Stolyarova N.A., Berkov N.A.

Abstract

Analysis of stressed state of torispherical and elliptical heads of pressure vessels having branch pipe on the head made it possible to disclose patterns of meridional and circumferential stress distribution in the heads under internal pressure, determine the area of maximum stresses, and ascertain the influence of nondimensional geometric parameters of vessels with heads with a branch pipe on the maximum compressive membrane circumferential stresses. The investigations were performed using finite-element method in a mixed variational formulation and a specially developed SAIS computer program.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):145-150
pages 145-150 views

Calculation of Efficiency of a Continuous Sedimentation Centrifuge with Scroll Sediment Discharge

Semenov E.V., Slavyanskii A.A.

Abstract

Separation of a liquid + solid suspension in a scroll centrifuge rotor is simulated using a model of slow relative motion of an isolated small-diameter spherical particle in a swirling flow of an incompressible viscous liquid circulating between two rotating coaxial cylinders. The key efficiency parameters of the machine in terms of separation fineness and suspension clarification factor were substantiated, taking account of the kinetic characteristics of the solid phase sedimentation process in the flow in a criterial form. The results of numerical experiment on simulation of spherical powdery substance separation process are presented in dimensional terms and criterial parameters.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):211-218
pages 211-218 views

Article

Research on Compressive Impregnation During Molding of Mixed Polymer Products

Urseev P.A., Tin’kov O.V.

Abstract

The influence of various technical factors on the dynamics of compressive impregnation and on the filtration factor of polymeric binder into a powdery filler during molding of polymer composites was studied.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):151-154
pages 151-154 views

Development of Hybrid Equipment for Well Drilling and Hydrocarbon Production from Offshore Deposits

Sazonov Y.A., Mokhov M.A.

Abstract

Efficient reservoir pressure utilization is a promising research direction for reducing energy and financial costs of hydrocarbon production from offshore deposits. A design and a description of the principle of operation of a turbine power block having a dynamic separator are given. The developed mathematical models and computer simulation confirmed the potential of this research direction.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):155-159
pages 155-159 views

Optimization of Construction of the Mixing Chamber with a Multiple Jets Inlet of a Heat Carrier in Pneumatic Conveying Dryers for Potassium Chloride

Seliverstov A.A., Zagidullin S.K.

Abstract

Results are presented for physical and mathematical modeling of the operation of different mixing chambers with a multiple jets inlet of a heat carrier in pneumatic conveying driers for potassium chloride. The influence of the shape of the chamber and the spacing of holes for heat carrier input on temperature inhomogeneity of the resulting mixture, particulates temperature and contact intensity of particulates with the chamber walls are considered. A mixing chamber design providing minimal contact intensity and sticking of the dryable particulates with the walls is recommended.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):160-165
pages 160-165 views

Energy and Resource Efficiency in Industrial Systems for Production and Use of High-Purity Hydrogen

Vandyshev A.B., Kulikov V.A.

Abstract

The feasibility of applying energy- and resource-saving technologies in the modernization of the existing metallurgical industries associated with the production and use of high-purity hydrogen is clearly illustrated on a few practical examples. One way of reducing energy consumption is by using natural gas as a feedstock for the production of high-purity hydrogen instead of using the electrolysis method. Another way of reducing energy consumption in the production of high-purity hydrogen is by developing high-purity hydrogen reuse systems.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):166-170
pages 166-170 views

Hydrodynamic Calculation of Bearing-Seal Assemblies of Centrifugal Pump with Self-Adjusting Rotor

Gorovoi S.A.

Abstract

Hydrodynamic forces in slot seals of centrifugal pumps play a leading role in stabilization of vibrational activity of rotor pumps. It enables one to assess afresh the role of contactless seals of flow passages, such as bearing-seal assemblies of centrifugal pumps. The pump rotor adjusts automatically in symmetric slot seals under the action of hydrodynamic forces and moments. The proposed calculation procedure realizes a new design approach to creation of elements of flow passage of centrifugal pump having slot bearing-seal couples.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):171-175
pages 171-175 views

Effect of Ball Valve Component Materials on Wear

Shuster L.S., Mamleev R.F., Kamaletdinova R.R., Mamleev R.F.

Abstract

Features of the wear of mating parts of ball valves made of heat-resistant cast alloy ZhS-6U and cermet based on uncoated titanium carbide TiC–ZhS6U and with wear-resistant TiN and Zr–Ti–N–C coatings are studied. It is established that wear-resistant coatings based on cermets prevent the emergence of hard TiC inclusions at the friction surface thereby reducing friction pair component abrasive and mechanical wear and decreasing the overall degree of ball valve wear.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):176-180
pages 176-180 views

Gland Seal with Soft Packing of Trapezoidal Cross Section and Inside Seating of the Pressure Flange

Prodan V.D., Bozhko G.V., Bogdanov O.V., Boiko P.N., Fokina M.S.

Abstract

Results of an analysis of three types of gland seals with soft packing and inside seating of the pressure flange are presented. The packing had a cylindrical or trapezoidal cross section with standard or tapered o-ring gaskets. It was shown that gland seals with packing o-ring gaskets that were pressed beforehand in special matrices or directly in the gland body were most effective.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):181-184
pages 181-184 views

Mathematical Model for the Motion of Precipitated Dust Particles in a High-Efficiency Cyclone Dust Collector for Explosion-Hazardous Production

Nekrasov A.V., Romanyuk E.V., Kargashilov D.V.

Abstract

A mathematical model of the motion of a dust particle on the surface of the cylindrical body and conical insert of a cyclone dust collector was developed taking into account factors contributing to its separation from the surface. Structural and operational parameters of the device were determined.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):190-194
pages 190-194 views

Heat Transfer in Turbulent Channel Flows of Polyatomic Gases with Variable Physical Properties

Pechenegov Y.Y.

Abstract

Universal relationships for boundary layer characteristics are used to derive an equation for the Nusselt number, which describes heat transfer in turbulent gas flows in straight and smooth channels. The equation contains the structural parameter that takes account of the influence of the variability of physical properties of the heat carrier on heat transfer. Analysis of quasi-thermal flow conditions showed that the derived equation agrees well with the Petukhov and Kirillov formula. The influence of the temperature factor T w /T av in the 0.2–5 variation range on heat transfer of the gas flows is analyzed. The results of calculations of heat transfer of air flow under conditions of variability of its physical properties are compared with theoretical and experimental data of other authors. It was found that, apart from the temperature factor, the Re number and atomicity of the gas affect the Nu/Nu0 ratio (Nu0 corresponds to constant properties). The nature of these influences differs for heating and cooling of the gas flow. For gases with atomicity higher than 8, heat transfer becomes self-similar with respect to the number of atoms in the gas molecule.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):219-224
pages 219-224 views

Modeling of a Double-Pipe Enclosed Heat Exchanger with Temperature Jumps of Heat Carriers at the Heat-Exchanger Inlet

Golovanchikov A.B., Vorontsova S.B.

Abstract

Basic parameters of a double-pipe enclosed heat exchanger were calculated for four possible cases of ideal heat-carrier flow structures. It was shown that the heat-transfer coefficient depended little on the ideal heat-carrier flow structures although the heat-transfer driving force and specific thermal power changed by a factor of three. Technological and geometrical parameters from a typical calculation of a double-pipe enclosed heat exchanger with plug flow of both heat carriers without and with temperature jumps at the heat-exchanger inlet were compared.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):225-230
pages 225-230 views

Heat-Exchanger Efficiency Evaluation Based on Real-Time Determination of Exergy Efficiency as a Control Criterion

Shumikhin A.G., Burakova A.E.

Abstract

An approach for evaluating heat-exchanger operating efficiency using the calculated exergy efficiency (EE) that allows heat-exchanger system elements with low heat-transfer efficiency to be located and their maintenance (cleaning) to be managed according to their condition was proposed. Measurements required for the EE calculation were recorded automatically from the Automatic Process Control System databases of the application. Real-time mathematical modeling of the current mode of the facility using a computer training complex provided additional data.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):231-234
pages 231-234 views

Selection of Oxidation Catalyst in a Fluidized-Bed Reactor

Kuzmin S.N., Is’emin R.L., Mikhalev A.V., Balybina N.N., Muratova N.S., Klimov D.V.

Abstract

Oxidation catalysts, e.g., those for biomass combustion in a fluidized bed (olivine sand and catalyst ShchKZ-1), were compared. Samples consisting of straw powder, straw powder and uncalcined olivine sand, straw powder and calcined olivine sand, and straw powder and crushed catalyst ShchKZ-1 were prepared. The calcined olivine sand and catalyst ShchKZ-1 had practically the same influence on the sample mass loss and heat generation from the straw by heating.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):235-237
pages 235-237 views

Investigation of the Hydrodynamic Flow Pattern in Tubular Membrane Devices

Abonosimov O.A., Lazarev S.I., Abonosimov D.O., Akulinichev A.M.

Abstract

The present work examines the hydrodynamic flow pattern in an industrial tubular baromembrane device on the example of commercially available membrane elements at pressures of 1.0–4.0 MPa. Experimental response curves and dependence curves of the longitudinal mixing coefficient were obtained as a function of the solution flow rate and the pressure in the membrane module. Based on this information, the criterial equation for calculating the longitudinal mixing coefficient was obtained. Numerical values of empirical coefficients are given, which can theoretically be used to calculate the longitudinal mixing coefficients as well as to predict the values for similar constructions of baromembrane systems operating at high transmembrane pressures.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):238-243
pages 238-243 views

Thermal Conductivity of External Contaminants of Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers

Kuntysh V.B., Dudarev V.V., Filatov S.O., Korol’kova A.M.

Abstract

The results of experimental studies of thermal conductivity of the dominant types of external contaminants of air coolers are given. Reed down, peat litter, leaves, sand, pine needles, and ash were investigated, as well as mixtures: sand with ash, sand with reed down, peat litter with leaves. The results are presented as the dependence of thermal conductivity on the density of contaminants. A linear approximation generalizing the found dependences is recommended. It is shown that thermal conductivity is significantly dependent on the pollutant porosity.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):244-247
pages 244-247 views

Deceleration and Reversal in the Direction of Motion of Water Droplets in a Counterflow of Combustion Products of Flammable Liquids

Voytkov I.S., Zabelin M.V., Vysokomornaya O.V., Strizhak P.A.

Abstract

This paper presents the results of experimental investigations of deceleration and entrainment OF water droplets moving in a counterflow of high-temperature combustion products of liquid fuels and flammable liquids. High-speed video cameras and panoramic optical methods (Particle Image Velocimetry, Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry, Particle Tracking Velocimetry, Shadow Photography) were applied to record the parameters of movement and evaporation of water droplet flows. To generate the combustion products with a high controlled temperature (400–1900 K), some typical oils, gasoline, kerosene, acetone, and industrial ethanol were used. This paper generalizes the results of investigations by establishing for droplets and gases the ranges of Reynolds number variation within which complete droplet deceleration and removal by drift is possible.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):248-254
pages 248-254 views

Composition of Synthesis Gas Produced by Intraformation Electrophysical Gasification of Coals at Different Heating Rates

Larionov K.B., Yankovskii S.A., Tolokol’nikov A.A., Gubin V.E., Matveev A.S.

Abstract

Electrophysical intraformational gasification of coals from the Egozovo-Krasnoyarsk, Krasnogorsk, and Balakhta deposits was investigated. The quantitative composition of the synthesis gas was determined. Its heats of combustion at various heating rates were calculated. It was found that the concentrations of H2 and CO2 in the obtained synthesis gas decreased whereas that of CO increased if the heating rate was accelerated. The results showed that accelerating the heating rate increased slightly the heat of combustion because the decreased H2 and CH4 concentrations were compensated by the increased CO concentration.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):255-259
pages 255-259 views

Investigation of Heat Exchange During Movement in a Horizontal Tube of an Aqueous Propylene-Glycol Ice Slurry

Belozerov G.A., Mednikova N.M., Pytchenko V.P.

Abstract

A test method for investigating the heat-transfer coefficient as a function of the concentration of ice crystals in an ice slurry, the ice slurry flow rate in a tube, and the tube heat-flow density was presented. The experimental results were given. Comparative tests were carried out with a single-phase aqueous propylene glycol solution of the same initial density as the liquid from which the ice slurry was prepared.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):260-265
pages 260-265 views

Increase in the Reliability and Durability of Metal Impulse Seals. Part 2*

Tarel’nik V.B., Martsinkovskii V.S., Zhukov A.N.

Abstract

A new method is proposed for improving the reliability and durability of metal impulse seals due to an increase in wear resistance of ring end surfaces and also tongue and bush surfaces by electroerosion treatment.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):266-272
pages 266-272 views

Design of Stationary Seals for Underwater Oil Production Equipment

Polonskii V.L., Tyurin A.P.

Abstract

Operating conditions of stationary rubber seals for sealing underwater oil production equipment as well as criteria and methods of ensuring working capacity of these seals at the design and numerical analysis stage are studied. Examples of the designed seals working in underwater oil production equipment are given.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):273-278
pages 273-278 views

Industrial Ecology

Treatment of Industrial Dust-Air Flows in Centrifugal-Inertial Apparatuses

Muratova K.M., Makhnin A.A., Volodin N.I., Chistyakov Y.V.

Abstract

The urgency of developing highly efficient dust collectors for fine dust was demonstrated. An experimental centrifugal-inertial dust collector was constructed. Experimental results showed that dust could be classified by fractions in the developed dust collector. The impacts on the biosphere and human health of fine dust in industrial wastes and air emissions were examined.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):185-189
pages 185-189 views

Economics

Technoeconomic Analysis of Prospects of Use of Organic Coal-Water Fuels of Various Component Compositions

Dmitrienko M.A., Strizhak P.A., Tsygankova Y.S.

Abstract

A technoeconomic analysis of the suitability of using suspended organic coal-water fuels (OCWF) of various component compositions was performed to determine the parameters that illustrate the priority of individual components and of the suspensions as a whole from the point of cost, ignition delay time, minimally adequate oxidizer temperature, combustion duration, and combustion heat of OCWF. The obtained data can be used to optimize the choice of the type and concentration of OCWF components that ensure efficient utilization of this type of fuel. An analysis was made of the feasibility of expanding the raw materials base for development of OCWF combustion technology.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):195-202
pages 195-202 views

Information

Technology and Economics of Recycling Oil-Tank Sediments

Shperber E.R., Shperber D.R., Bokovikova T.N., Marchenko L.A., Dun I.R.

Abstract

The structures and properties of oil-tank sediments were investigated. It was shown that they could be used as a boiler-fuel component. A recycling method for oil-tank sediments was developed. An environmental and economic assessment of its implementation effectiveness was presented.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(3-4):203-207
pages 203-207 views