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Vol 53, No 5-6 (2017)

Research, Design, Calculations, and Operating Experience

Influence of Angle of Slope of Blades on Operation of Centrifugal Turbine

Pavlechko V.N.

Abstract

The velocity of a fluid in the impeller of a centrifugal (radial-flow) turbine and the energy of the fluid flow which it absorbs are analyzed as a function of the angle of slope of the blade (which is assumed to be constant). The blades of the impeller absorb the kinetic energy of the flow, which is expended in rotation of the impeller and is determined by Euler’s equation. One-half the energy of the fluid is expended in rotation of the impeller and in varying the direction of the fluid, while the other half is expended in overcoming the action of centrifugal force, which reduces the rate of flow of the fluid through the impeller. The maximal flow rate of the fluid is achieved with an angle of slope of the blades of 45° while the maximal power transmitted by the fluid to rotate the turbine is attained at an angle of 60°.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):281-287
pages 281-287 views

Calculation of Process of Finish-Granulation by Fattening Technology with Random Granule-Wise Distribution of Finish-Granulating Flow

Таrаn Y.А., Моrоzоv R.V., Таrаn А.L.

Abstract

A mathematical model of finish-granulation of particles of the initial recycle obtained by prilling, using the method of pelletizing by fattening technology in plate-type equipment, is proposed. A procedure for determining the particle size distribution of the product for monodisperse and polydisperse recycles is described. The stochastic nature of the process of entry of a granule into the spray zone of the supplied component is studied. A schematic block diagram of a renovated ammonium nitrate production plant with additional output of granulated ammonium nitrate with fillers is proposed.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):355-363
pages 355-363 views

Article

Distinctive Features of Suspension Separation Process in Filtering Centrifuge Rotors

Semenov E.V., Slavyanskii A.A.

Abstract

Suspension separation process in a filtering centrifuge type of equipment with periodic and continuous sediment discharge as an aggregate of phenomena of solid sedimentation, sediment formation on rotor wall, and filtration of clarified liquid was studied. A quantitative analysis was made of the liquid system separation efficiency in terms of treatment time and throughput of specific centrifugal machines as a function of solid phase concentration in the suspension, dispersity of the treated product, and filtering principles of the rotor.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):288-296
pages 288-296 views

Apparatus-Technological Scheme for Implementation of the Process of Microcrystalline Cellulose Production

Svetlov S.A., Levina N.S., Svetlova O.R.

Abstract

Ways of obtaining microcrystalline cellulose powder are listed. Mode parameters of the process and their features are considered. The apparatus-technological scheme of obtaining microcrystalline cellulose is presented.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):297-300
pages 297-300 views

Realization of Design of Multipass Tubes for Rigid Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers

Safonov B.P.

Abstract

A procedure for camera laying out of holes in heat exchanger tubesheets where the holes are located at the vertices of equilateral triangles is described. The procedure can be used for heat exchangers of any diameter from 159 to 3000 mm and any heat exchanger tube diameter from 16 to 57 mm. An algorithm has been developed for determining the position of longitudinal baffles for realizing multipass performance of the tubes. It is proved that the angular coordinate of longitudinal baffles does not depend on absolute dimensions of the exchanger and is determined only by the scheme of fluid passage through the tubes in the apparatus. The schemes for realizing tubeside multipasses z = 2–10 are analyzed. A numerical example for z = 10, which indicates that the results are satisfactory for engineering practice, is given.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):301-309
pages 301-309 views

Hydraulic Resistance to Non-Isothermal Turbulent Gas and Liquid Flows in Pipes

Pechenegov Y.Y.

Abstract

An equation for the hydraulic drag coefficient of friction of stabilized turbulent flows in pipes was obtained based on the boundary layer model and the use of universal relations for the characteristics of boundary layer flows. This equation is in good agreement with experimental data for isothermal flows in the Reynolds number Re range of 5·103–108. The equation contains a structural parameter that can be used to account for the effect of changes in the physical properties of heat transfer fluids on the resistance in the flow cross sections during heating and cooling. For gaseous heat transfer agents, the impact of their atomicity on frictional resistance in non-isothermal conditions is analyzed.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):310-315
pages 310-315 views

Parametric Vibrations of Pipelines with Compensating Inserts

Shvarts A.A., Bur’yan Y.A., Shalai V.V., Ugrenev M.V., Zubarev A.V.

Abstract

Possible transverse parametric vibrations of pipelines with compensating inserts are described and the basic relationships needed to calculate the amplitude of transverse vibrations are presented.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):316-321
pages 316-321 views

Calculation of Flanged Joint with Optimal Gasket Width

Prodan V.D., Bozhko G.V., Vasil’ev A.V., Cheremukhin V.V.

Abstract

The calculating relationships required for determining the desired (optimal) gasket width, on which the leak-tightness of the joint, materials consumption, and cost of the joint depend, are presented. An example of calculation of the width of a fluoroplastic-4 (Teflon) gasket is given.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):322-325
pages 322-325 views

Procedural Model for Designing Multiproduct Chemical Plants

Mokrozub V.G., Nemtinov V.A., Mokrozub A.V.

Abstract

A procedural model for designing multiproduct chemical engineering systems is described. The model includes the following designing stages: determining types, number, and size of equipment at each stage of the production process, laying out equipment and pipelines in the production site, and designing individual equipment. The model is intended for creating intelligent systems for automated designing.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):326-331
pages 326-331 views

New Technical Solutions for the Purification of Oil-Containing Wastewater

Soldatov A.I., Shkerin S.A., Ovchinnikov G.V., Maksimov E.A., Vasil’ev V.I.

Abstract

This paper presents an analytical review of promising technical solutions for treatment of oily wastewaters of industrial enterprises (oil refineries, power plants). Construction diagrams and description of working principles of the equipment are given, and the advantages of these devices compared to traditional analogues are presented.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):336-339
pages 336-339 views

Determination of Technological and Construction Parameters of an Electroultrafiltration Apparatus with Flat Chambers for Demineralization and Concentration of Solutions from Biodegradable Plastics Production

Lazarev S.I., Kovaleva O.A., Bogomolov V.Y., Shestakov K.V., Kuznetsov M.A.

Abstract

An electroultrafiltration apparatus with flat chambers and a method for calculating the number of devices required for efficient separation of solutions, heating power, amount of heat, and total energy required for electroultrafiltrational demineralization and concentration of a protein in industrial solutions from biodegradable plastics production were designed.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):364-368
pages 364-368 views

Vulcanizing Hydraulic Press Heating System for Tempering Metal and Alloy Objects

Malygin E.N., Karpushkin S.V., Glebov A.O., Karpov S.V.

Abstract

A fundamentally new press heating system has been developed for tempering metal objects that provides formation of a required temperature profile within treated objects with prescribed heating and cooling rates and provides hydraulic press system safe operation. Modernization of mathematical description for transient heating processes is proposed in a heated plate – heat insulation – press system providing the use of boundary conditions that imitate the effect of press structural elements in heating plate and heat insulation plate temperature fields.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):369-377
pages 369-377 views

Parameters of Damping of Vibrations of Tubing String in the Operation of Bottomhole Pulse Devices

Khabibullin M.Y., Suleimanov R.I., Sidorkin D.I., Arslanov I.G.

Abstract

Questions related to the study of the transmitted pressure vibrations of fluid being injected into development and injection wells by means of a tubing string are considered. Mathematical models of a tubing string in pulse injection of fluid and in installation of the device for the purpose of damping hydraulic impacts are described. An expression by means of which the required parameters of effective damping of vibrations may be determined from the standpoint of maintaining the service life of the tubing string is obtained through transformations of the wave equations. A graphical dependence of the amplitude of the displacement on the ratio of the frequency of the vibrations of a tubing string is presented from calculations.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):378-384
pages 378-384 views

Increase in the Reliability and Durability of Metal Impulse Seals. Part 3*

Tarel’nik V.B., Martsinkovskii V.S., Zhukov A.N.

Abstract

A new method is proposed for preparing metal pulse end seals improving their reliability and durability due to increasing the wear resistance of ring working end surfaces and contact surfaces of the secondary seals.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):385-389
pages 385-389 views

Optimization of Flow Passage of Centrifugal Fan of Grinding-Separating Unit

Dorogokupets A.S., Frantskevich V.S.

Abstract

The flow passage of the centrifugal fan of a grinding-separating unit is optimized to reduce specific power consumption and improve flow rate and pressure characteristics using modern ANSYS CFX type of software with construction of working characteristics and levels of sound power and sound pressure. The sources of monople, dipole, and quadrupole noises of the blading section of the fan are identified. The possible ways of reducing broadband noise are determined.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):390-395
pages 390-395 views

Automated Decision Making in the Problem Solving of Objects Layout for Chemical and Refining Industries Using Expert Software Systems

Egorov S.Y., Sharonin K.A.

Abstract

In this paper, mathematical modeling of objects layout is considered for the phase of construction engineering of industrial facilities. The authors propose a new approach that allows to define the problem and to automatically create a mathematical layout model of the industrial facilities. The approach is based on a method of generating and controlling the limitations of the mathematical layout model. The distinctive feature of this method is the possibility to add new restrictions and to consider them in the process of layout calculations without changing the code. The proposed approach has been tested in solving practical problems of designing layouts of industrial facilities.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):396-401
pages 396-401 views

Industrial Ecology

Intensification of Thermoplastic Polymers Recycling

Erenkov O.Y.

Abstract

The results of experimental studies of the effect of electrophysical processing of thermoplastic materials on their mechanical properties are discussed in the paper. The paper describes a new method of thermoplastics recycling.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):332-335
pages 332-335 views

Materials Science and Corrosion Protection

Method for Determining Fatigue Limit Taking Into Account the Effect of a Surface Layer

Shchipachev A.M.

Abstract

A method is proposed for determining the fatigue limit of metallic material components based on measuring hardness, production residual stresses, surface roughness, and some other parameters. A dependence is given for fatigue limit on surface layer quality parameters. Application of the method is demonstrated on the example of steels 30KhGSNA, U8, titanium alloy VT3-1, and aluminum alloy D16 after different treatment.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):340-346
pages 340-346 views

Improvement of Friction Surface Wear Resistance by Plasma Treatment

Tyuftyaev A.S., Mordynskii V.B., Spector N.O., Frolova M.G.

Abstract

Features are considered for the structure and formation of a heat-affected zone with surface plasma hardening based on high-carbon steel of type 60G. Original procedures are developed for determining tribological properties with dry friction and abrasive wear. Test results are given for the wear resistance of hardened layers with optimum treatment regimes and different alloys of steel 60G with carbon and chromium. Comparative study is provided for some widely used steels, metallized coatings and nickel powder layer surfacing.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):406-411
pages 406-411 views

Manufacturing Technology

Use of Centrifugal Electroslag Casting for Producing Cold-Resistant Steel Grade Ring Blanks of Flange Objects

Zherebtsov S.N., Mikhailets S.N., Zabegailo I.V., Rogachev E.A.

Abstract

A method is considered for preparing objects of the flange type made of steel of grades 09G2S and 10G2 by centrifugal electroslag casting (CESC). Results are given for chemical analysis and mechanical properties of objects prepared by different methods. The advantage of CESC technology is demonstrated making it possible to prepare cast blanks that with respect to production parameters and physicomechanical properties correspond to the GOST and TU for the given forms of steel having configuration and dimensions close to a finished object.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):347-352
pages 347-352 views

Safety, Diagnosis, and Repair

Surface-Roughness Control of a Detail Treated by Electric Discharge Machining

Erenkov O.Y., Laptev D.V.

Abstract

The possibility of using the fractal dimension as a criterion for assessing the sustainability of surface-roughness formation after electric-discharge machining (EDM) was justified scientifically. The nature of the changes in surface roughness after EDM of AK34 and VT20 alloys and the fractal dimension were studied experimentally as functions of the main process parameters (pulse rate and porosity). The fractal dimension and surface roughness after EDM were closely correlated, which allowed the roughness of the machined surface to be controlled in real time.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):402-405
pages 402-405 views

Economics

Technoeconomic Prerequisites for Use of Water-Coal-Organic Chemical Slurry Fuels in Large Power Plants

Zakharevich Y.S., Strizhak P.A.

Abstract

A technoeconomic analysis of transition from coal to water-coal-organic chemical slurry fuels (WCOSF) prepared from wastes of coal, petroleum, and used oil treatment was made with reference to a typical heat and electric power generating plant. The economic cost associated with transition to WCOSF and possible effects therefrom are evaluated. The studied fuel compositions are classified in terms of ignition and combustion properties, combustion heat, and cost. The specific parameters illustrating the expedience of WCOSF combustion in spite of the required structural and operational variations of heat and power generating blocks are determined.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2017;53(5-6):412-419
pages 412-419 views