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Vol 54, No 3-4 (2018)
- Year: 2018
- Articles: 24
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/0009-2355/issue/view/14675
Research, Design, Calculations, and Operating Experience
Characteristics of Continuous Granular Materials Mixer with Pulse Action on Segregated Flow of Batch-Dosed Component
Abstract
A method of smoothing uneven dosing of microcomponents in continuous flows of granular materials by the action of a cascade of counter pulses on a segregated flow of the components is described. Mathematical modeling is used to analyze the physical mechanism of smoothing fluctuations of microcomponent dosage portions in a continuous granular materials mixer having a rotating drum. The influence of design and operating parameters of the apparatus on the magnitude of fluctuation of concentration of batch-dosed components in the mixture is studied using an experimental relationship that determines the intensity of formation of a segregated flow in a drum apparatus for a mixture of model granular materials.
143-149
Experience of Implementing an Intensifying Device on the Developed Mobile Well Production Treatment Unit
Abstract
The process of emulsion separation using an intensifying device tested on the developed mobile well production treatment unit was subjected to quantitative analysis followed by approbation. During tests, cassettes were mounted in the sump of the mobile unit with a distance of 5 mm (standard design) and 2.5 mm between the plates. Experiments were conducted with some variation: with the fluid entering the horizontal sump from the top and from the side, process temperature varying from 60 to 70°C, and with varying fresh water flow rates. It was found that the smaller distance between the plates ensures turbulent diffusion in the intensifying devices, leading to a more intensive oil treatment. It was also found that desalting processes proceed more intensively at 70°С than at 60°C and when fresh water flow rate is increased by 10 and 20%. A 30% increase in the flow rate of fresh water leads to an appreciable increase in the fraction of water in the treated drip oil, the desalting process deteriorates. The study showed that the use of intensifying devices with a distance of 2.5 mm between the plates leads to improved oil treatment: water cut decreased by 2–37% and the content of chloride salts decreased by 5–74% depending on the process.
213-219
Article
Investigation of Power Consumption in a Mixing Device with Swinging Movement of the Actuating Element
Abstract
A mixing device with swinging (rotationally reciprocating) movement of the actuating element, the advantage of which, compared to the classical units, is that it produces a higher mixing rate, is investigated. In designing the new devices, it is necessary to know the moment of resistance of the liquid medium and the power consumed in the mixing process. It is shown that, in the general case, the actuating element is affected by both the linear and quadratic resistance of the fluid and formulas are found for determining the moment of resistance and the power. As a result of the study it is found that the Reynolds number grows and the power consumption increases as the oscillation angle and rotational speed of the actuating elements increase.
150-155
Determination of the Basic Parameters of Impact Interaction of Abrasive Particles Against the Blades of the Rotor Accelerator of a Centrifugal Mill
Abstract
Ways to improve the efficiency with which materials are pulverized in impact centrifugal mills as well as ways of preventing wear of the blades are proposed. The problem is solved using equations that describe the motion of particles on the surface of the rotor in a polar coordinate system. It is discovered that the rate of impact of the particles against a blade increases linearly with increasing angular velocity. The angle of attack and radius of contact of a particle with the blade are independent of this velocity, though they are substantially affected by the initial position of the particles. The nature of the variation of the rate of impact and the angle of attack is determined, based on which possible wear of the blades may be predicted and measures taken to reduce wear.
156-160
Thermohydraulic Efficiency of the Process of Cooling of Water in Miniature Cooling Towers with Regular Packing
Abstract
The process of cooling of circulating water in miniature cooling towers with roll packing possessing a rough surface is considered. The specific surface of the corrugated surface is 250 m2/m3. The hydraulic characteristics of the packing over a broad range of water and air flow rates are presented. Expressions for calculating the thermal efficiency of the cooling tower and the results of a calculation of the hydraulic and heat and mass exchange characteristics with elevated flow rates of the cooled water to 60 m3/(m2·h) are given. The advantages of a miniature cooling tower with roll packing are demonstrated.
161-164
Increasing the Useful Life and Load-Bearing Capacity of the Drives of Oil Pumping Units
Abstract
The possibility of increasing the useful life and load-bearing capacity of the gearboxes of oil pumping units is considered. Models of double-stage Ts2NSh-450-40 and Ts2NSh450-28 and triple-stage Ts3NSh-450-40 and Ts3NSh-450-28 gearboxes (Izhneftemash) with Novikov gearing were selected as the subjects of the study. An increase in the selected indicators may be achieved by increasing the gear module while maintaining the overall dimensions of the factory housing of the gearboxes constant. The study is based on simulating the solution of a three-dimensional contact problem of the stress-strain state of the teeth with real multipoint engagement of the Novikov gearing. The computational effect is seen in a 1.45 to 1.74-fold increase in the load-bearing capacity of the gearbox and two- to four-fold increase in its useful life.
165-171
Experimental Studies of the Influence of Configuration of Regular Microrelief of Plunger Surface on Sucker-Rod Pump Delivery
Abstract
The influence of configuration of regular microrelief on leakage of fluid pumped through plunger pair of sucker-rod pump is studied. An experimental unit developed to study fluid leakage through plunger pair is presented. The experimental data and the results of simulation in ANSYS CFX of leakage through plunger pairs with and without microrelief are given. Practical recommendations are offered on the choice of geometric parameters of plunger pair grooves for minimizing leakage.
172-176
Analysis of Crankshaft Angular Rotation Speed on Characteristics of Piston Hybrid Power Machine with a Gas Volume at Suction
Abstract
The design of a piston hybrid power machine with a gas volume at the suction is given and the results of numerical study and analysis of the influence of crankshaft angular rotation speed on the characteristics of the studied machine are presented.
177-182
Calculation of Leakages of Compressed Media in Screw Compressors
Abstract
A description of an algorithm for calculating leakages for different structural implementations of screw compressors is given. The emphasis is on the surfaces forming the gaps between the working components of the compressor for the case of a single-rotor screw compressor. A simplification of the problem of absolute motion of the flow in the working gaps relative to the clipper teeth that adapts the boundary conditions on the surfaces of the teeth and the influence of the rotation of the clippers on the flow of the compressed medium through the gaps is evaluated.
183-187
Solution of Problems of Gasketing of Joints of Units of Machines and Equipment of Oil and Gas Enterprises When in Use in High- and Low-Temperature Regimes
Abstract
A survey of designs of pipeline connections (including quick-disconnecting connections) with different types of gaskets is presented. An analysis of existing designs (constructions) of gaskets in pipeline connections at oil and gas enterprises is given. The need to use metallic gaskets to connect pipes in manifolds and to achieve hermetic sealing of locking devices when used under low-temperature conditions as well as when working with corrosive media is demonstrated. A construction of a gasket for a pipeline connection that substantially differs from those now in use is proposed.
188-192
Quartz Piezoelectric Resonance Gas Analyzers
Abstract
Design and metrological characteristics of quartz piezoelectric resonance gas analyzers are considered. It is shown that these devices allow solving various tasks at automation of technological processes in the chemical, oil and gas and related industries (in particular, the task of ensuring ecological and sanitary-hygienic safety).
193-197
198-201
Heat Generator Plant as a Heat and Chemical Installation
Abstract
A design and operating principle of a plant for cleaning and utilizing flue gases to produce CO2, N2, and HNO3 as commercial products are presented. An approximate economic assessment for implementation of this decision for a 20-tons/h steam boiler is given. The possibility of increasing the ecological and economical efficiency of the heat generator by using innovative technical decisions for flue-gas cleaning and utilization is demonstrated.
220-224
Selection of Optimal Design of a Universal Device for Nonstationary Pulse Pumping of Liquid in a Reservoir Pressure Maintenance System
Abstract
A universal downhole device for continuous pulsed pumping of liquid in a reservoir pressure maintenance system is developed. A mathematical model of the device and a derivation of expressions for determining the main basic working output parameters are given. The results of theoretical studies are compared with bench tests of the device. The effectiveness of the device in non-stationary flooding in the pressure maintenance system is demonstrated based on previously conducted scientific studies. Preliminary positive data on commercial use of the device at Rosneft oil fields in 2015–2016 are given.
225-232
Quantitative Analysis of the Process of Cooling a Coolant Using Developed Frozen Surfaces
Abstract
The problem of cooling a liquid system by introducing frozen spheres into it can be formulated within the boundary value problem for the heat equation. The solution of this problem in analytical form for real values of the process parameters is used as a basis for the numerical simulation of the process of cooling a liquid system.
233-238
Losses of Power in Thermal Engines in Nonequilibrium Regenerative Heat Exchange
Abstract
The modern design techniques used with most thermal engines do not take into account the power losses caused by nonequilibrium regenerative heat exchange (NRH) separately. A description of the mechanism of power loss initiation in heat exchange of gas with the walls of the working chamber is presented and an analytic technique for calculating these losses is proposed. For this purpose, the rate of entropy generation in regenerative heat exchange is calculated and an analytical relationship for calculating power losses in these types of processes is derived on the basis of the Gui–Stodola theorem. A calculation of the power losses in the VU-3/8 air piston compressor is presented as an example and their contribution to the volume of power consumption is estimated. Factors that affect the scale of the power losses caused by nonequilibrium regenerative heat exchange are identified and analyzed through the use of a novel technique of calculation of the losses. Such a method of analysis is applicable for positive displacement compressors as well as for other types of thermal engines.
239-246
Analysis of the Influence of the Length and Diameter of a Connecting Gas Pipeline on the Working Processes of a Hybrid Piston Power Machine Based on Application of Fluctuations in Gas Pressure in the Injection Lines
Abstract
Results of a numerical investigation and estimation of the influence of the length and diameter of a connecting gas pipeline on the working processes and external characteristics of a hybrid piston power machine using the oscillations of gas pressure in the injection line are presented.
247-252
Innovative Risk Management in the Life Cycle of Equipment in the Petrochemical Complex
Abstract
Integration of dynamic simulation with the use of modified Petri nets and an indexing method of risk assessment in complex technical systems is considered. Integration is realized in a software complex that monitors the technological parameters of the equipment of a petrochemical complex in an on-line mode. The goal is for quick management decision-making in order to prevent failures in complex technical systems.
253-260
Control of Cylinder-Gas Source with Minimization of its Required Capacity
Abstract
A method is proposed for synthesizing laws of control of a gas source consisting of cylinders (gas holders) combined in a section. The control law ensures minimization of the required gas source capacity by partial shutting and opening of the outflow line of its sections at the precalculated points of time in accordance with known programmed gas requirement. The required gas source capacity can be reduced by more complete evacuation of a part of its sections at consumption program time intervals with a low level of the desired pressure and by preserving a high pressure for forthcoming time intervals only in one section or in some part of the sections of the source. A mathematical formulation of the problem to be solved is given and a numerical method of solution of the problem is proposed. An example of synthesis of the law of control of sectioned cylinder-nitrogen source, which demonstrates the possibility of substantial reduction of the required cylinder-gas source volume for use of the control law synthesized by the proposed method is discussed.
261-265
Automation of Calculations of Optimal Disposition of Devices of a Material Balance System
Abstract
Automation of calculations in the design of optimal disposition of devices that track the movement of hydrocarbons in oil refining, petrochemical, and gas processing plants is considered. A conception of automation with the use of information systems that include visualization of the flow patterns and construction of a material balance model together with a package of symbolic calculations is developed. The basic functions of the information system used to calculate the minimum number of devices and their location as well as determine multi-measuring points for additional accounting meters are provided. Results of practical application of the solutions for an oil refinery are given.
266-272
Reliable and Efficient Way of Explosion Protection
Abstract
The article highlights the current state of the issue and offers new patented technical solutions that eliminate shortcomings of the existing ones. A distinguishing feature of the new design solutions is the coexistence in safety devices (SD) of both blowout diaphragms and nonstandard safety valves, the moving masses of which do not affect the SD operation speed. Because of this, it is fully leakproof in normal situation and it opens fast enough in explosive scenario.
283-284
Materials Science and Corrosion Protection
Universalism of Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon Dioxide Corrosion Inhibitors in Conditions of Oil Production and Processing
Abstract
Qualitative criteria for the universalism of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide corrosion inhibitors and their quantitative indices for the corrosion of carbon steel are proposed. They include the maximum value of the total corrosion rate in the presence of H2S and CO2 and with simultaneous limitation of the concentration of the inhibitors themselves. The criteria define a minimum reduction in hydrogenation of steel, suppression of hydrogen diffusion into the metal, contain requirements for the bactericidal ability of inhibitors by limiting the number of cells of sulfate-reducing bacteria and producing hydrogen sulfide, and the requirements for their biodegradability. It is shown that a number of domestic inhibitors of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide corrosion of the new generation of the INKORGAZ series fully satisfy the proposed criteria for universalism.
202-210
Industrial Ecology
Magnetic Sorbent for Remediation of Petroleum and Petroleum-Product Spills Developed from Galvanic Sludge
Abstract
The production technology for a magnetic galvanic-sludge sorbent for purification of waste waters and surface waters is described. Its physical and chemical properties (floatability, contact angle of wetting, water absorption, petroleum capacity, etc.), structure, efficiency of water purification from various petroleum products, and kinetics of petroleum-product absorption from the water surface are studied.
273-277
Safety, Diagnosis, and Repair
Calculation of Strength of Shell Suffering Exfoliation
Abstract
A procedure is developed for determining the residual life of components of petrochemical equipment with exfoliation of the base metal. The procedure is based on analysis of the stressed-strained state of the flawed area made by the finite element method in ANSYS software suite.
278-282