Том 55, № 3-4 (2019)

The kinetics of flow of a viscous incompressible fluid between two closely lying parabola-shaped inserts (plates) rotating with the same angular velocity around a common axis is studied. The flow, in the inter-plate gap of the separator drum, of a weakly concentrated liquid + solid type of two-phase fluid is modeled. Based on the postulates of the theory of fluid flows in “sliding” mode, the internal problem of hydrodynamics along the flow in the chosen working space of the centrifugal equipment is proposed to be solved in linear formulation. For an isolated small spherical particle moving in the flow, the critical diameter of the particle (settling in the working space of the separator), which determines the separation efficiency, is calculated by solving the external problem of hydrodynamics.

Working line and mass transfer equations are derived analytically for rectifying and stripping sections of a packed fractionating column with a diffusive continuous liquid phase flow pattern. A calculation algorithm is proposed and the obtained process and geometric parameters are compared with the same parameters of the same column calculated by the standard algorithm, taking account of the fact that the disperse gas phase has an ideal-displacement flow pattern and the continuous liquid phase has an ideal-mixing flow pattern.

The article reveals the principle of operation of a combined system for degassing working fluid and pump charging by means of a hydraulic accumulator for hydraulic systems with working bodies in the form of hydraulic cylinders. It is concluded that the working fluid can be degassed without affecting pump operation. Due to the absence of a mechanical drive and throttling, the system allows more efficient use of drive energy.

The potential for the use of a standard methodology for calculation of the shear force of highly coercive thick KS-25DTs permanent magnets in the magnetic systems and magnetic couplings of sealed machines is considered. From the results of the studies it is shown that correction factors should be introduced into the standard methodology used in the calculation of shear force in magnetic systems and magnetic couplings with thick magnets.

The process of gas cooling with a liquid in a countercurrent packed column (scrubber), where the phases are in direct contact, is described. The system of differential equations for heat transfer in gas and liquid phases and moisture mass transfer is given. Equations for determining the fields of gas enthalpy distribution, liquid temperature, moisture content in the gas along the packed bed height are derived through transition to a cellular model. The adequacy of the proposed equations is validated in practice. The packed column is updated, which involved replacement of plates by packings produced by OOO IVTs Inzhekhim (EPC Chemical Engineering LLC), which enhanced the efficiency of pyrogas cooling with water in ethylene production.

The paper presents the results of thermal vacuum testing of space technology components and instruments using local helium cryo-panels (“shrouds”) in a liquid nitrogen thermal vacuum chamber. A structural description of prototypes and upgraded helium shrouds is given. The results of experimental layouts at the helium temperature level are presented.

A new design of a gas-liquid separator distinguished by simplicity of design, rather high efficiency and low hydraulic resistance is proposed. The operating principle of separators with double-T elements is presented. An evaluation of the location of the support brackets in the housing of the proposed device is presented.

The results of the verification confirmed the main parameters of the design calculation of a membrane catalytic converter for the production of high-purity hydrogen from the products of steam reforming of biodiesel fuel. A technological regime is suggested for excluding the deposition of carbon and removing hydrogen-product under vacuum using a metal hydride hydrogen compressor.

The issue of heat utilization from a displacement compressor of a displacement pump is considered. Analytical dependencies of changes in thermodynamic parameters in the compression and discharge processes in the pump are obtained for the case when heat is supplied from the compressor. The carried out numerical experiment proved that the discharge pressure can be 10 MPa or more in this pump, and the relative supply of fluid to the discharge line can reach up to 1% of the working chamber volume of the pump. It is established that utilization of the gas compression heat in hybrid power machines will improve the efficiency not only of the compressor, but also of the pump.

A pulsed acoustic signaling device for liquid levels in technological equipment is considered. The device enables the rise and fall of the liquid level to be recorded, has a rather low absolute error of the level determination, and can be an alternative to the traditional means used for signaling liquid levels in the chemical, oil, and related industries.

A system for computer-aided design (CAD) for the construction of a C1 compressor profile (CAD_C1) in the integrated Mathcad package is developed. Results of the design of a symmetric initial C1 profile and a curved C1-based profile CAD-C1 are presented. CAD-C1 is constructed according to a modular principle, i.e., it constitutes a complex of information-bound computational software modules. The principal advantage of such a structure of the system is that each module is solved as an individual complete problem and, independently of the other modules, may be altered in the course of development and improvement of the system. Independent connection (complementation) of other modules and systems is also possible. Designs of two variants of curved profiles with identical (practically maximal) turning angle of the flow is implemented in corresponding software modules, using a method of growing thickness of the profile along the normal to the center line of the profile and a method based on nonlinear Hearst transformations. The geometric characteristics of the different design variants are calculated, statistical estimation of the correlation indices of the approximation results is performed, graphical construction of the variant profiles is realized, and the geometric parameters of the profiles are varied along the length of the profile chord. CAD_System C1 may be considered as an autonomous system and as a subsystem.

An analysis of the ecological and technical condition of the inventory of functioning burners such as GP, GIK, etc., that may be operated at domestic refineries is given. Their structural and operational shortcomings are presented. The authors own technical designs for reconstruction of GP burners to improve the efficiency of co-combustion of oil refinery gases and fuel oil in a single housing with low discharge of toxic nitric oxides are proposed. Recommendations on the use of the new burner design with cocombustionor with separate combustion of liquid and gaseous fuels are developed.

A solution to the problem of monitoring the current state of tanks for storage of petroleum products in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) through the development of an automatic monitoring system is proposed. The problem of assuring safe operation of tanks for storage of petroleum products in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya) is formulated. The climate conditions of the republic as well as the peculiarities of the permafrost zone are additional negative factors that complicate this question. Examples of emergency situations with large-scale failures of tanks are presented and the causes and consequences of accident incidents are considered. A description of a proposed solution that comprises a system for automated monitoring of the technical state of tanks, implementation of which will help prevent similar emergencies, is presented.

In order to protect oil industry borehole equipment and the product transport system from corrosion, and also to improve oil recovery in highly viscous oil deposits a new reagent is developed based on acidol, technical-grade isopropyl alcohol, and technical-grade phosphatide. Laboratory studies show that the reagent reduces the oil dynamic viscosity by a factor of 2.9, and is also effective as an inhibitor (the degree of overall corrosion protection is 94–96 %), while the protective effect of general corrosion is 94–96 %. Industrial testing shows that as a results of action of the reagent in the bottom-hole formation zone oil production increases on average by 22 %, and the degree of protection from overall corrosion is 90 %. Measurements also show a reduction in flow pressure in product transport pipelines 20 % from 0.12 to 0.096 MPa.