Том 54, № 3 (2018)

The effect of the composition of the generator gas on the yield and composition of the products from its transformation in the presence of cobalt and iron catalysts was investigated. Data on the dependence of the obtained organic compounds on the composition of the prepared catalysts and synthesis conditions are presented. Experiments showed that generator gases obtained from aerobic gasification of plant biomass can be used to produce paraffins, olefins, and monatomic alcohols without conditioning i.e., without separating the stoichiometric syngas from them.

Nanotechnology comprises oil treatment processes because they occur on the nano-scale and involve interaction of charged mono- and polyvalent ions found in the interacting oil and reservoir water A mathematical model for thermochemical dehydration of oil is proposed considering the specific features (nano-scale effects) of oil emulsion formation and breaking. Procedures for estimating the effectiveness of the intermediate emulsion layer and analytical expressions for determining the residence time of oil emulsions in settlers of thermochemical oil treatment facilities are proposed.

Highly organized and highly stable water—hydrocarbon dispersions of liquid pyrolysis products and an ethane fraction were studied. Water evaporation was used as a dehydration method. Mixtures containing a water cut (20-75 mass%) were studied. Feedstock was separated by a thermomechanical method into bottom-product and distillate fractions. The dehydration efficiency was assessed based on the water cut in the bottom products. The water content in all studied mixtures was reduced to trace levels in the bottom products. Increasing the water cut in the emulsions was shown to increase the ratio of recovered hydrocarbon distillate to bottom products whereas diluting the starting emulsion with light pyrolysis resin had the opposite effect on the yield of dehydration products depending on the starting pyrolysis feedstock.

Application of oxidative regeneration of zeolite-containing catalysts to alkylation of isobutane by olefins was investigated during long-term catalyst tests at a pilot plant. This approach to regeneration was found to shorten the catalyst service life between regenerations. Local overheating of the catalyst is presumed to cause irreversible sintering and, as a result, a decrease of alkylate yield

Hydrocarbon resins were synthesized by thermal polymerization of the olefinic compounds of liquid pyrolysis products (the C₉₊ fraction, heavy tar). The hydrocarbon resins were characterized by ¹H NMR spectroscopy, MALDI spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. The effect of temperature, reaction time, feed composition, and solvent content on the yield, molecular weight, color, and molecular structure of the hydrocarbon resins was investigated. It was shown that addition of the C₉₊ fraction to heavy tar increases the polymer yield while reducing the content of aromatic fragments in its structure.

The production rate of a well can be improved by application of CHOPS technology (cold heavy-oil production with sand). Rocks adjacent to a sand filter can be easily damaged by an in-situ sand arching band and migration of particles. The effectiveness of the method for improving oil well production depends on the internal blockage of the sand arch and formation of communication channels from sanding. In this study, in order to determine the size of the sanding mobile zone and the permeability distribution in the near-wellbore area, we have proposed a simulation model for macroscopic radial flows in a microporous medium. The results of this work, determining the behavior of the permeability distribution in the near-wellbore area, may be useful for devising strategy and parameter optimization when using cold heavy-oil production technology.

Nanopores of gas shale have important influences on gas adsorption and transport. The nanopore structure of gas shale from Sichuan basin is studied using x-ray diffraction, total organic carbon (TOC), and nitrogen adsorption. Fractal dimensions D₁ and D₂ are calculated from the nitrogen adsorption isotherms and fall in the ranges 2.302-2.638 and 2.847-2.891, respectively. Dependences between the fractal dimensions and TOC, mineral composition, and pore structure can be determined from the experimental data. TOC and clay mineral composition are the key parameters affecting the fractal dimension. Parameter D₁ shows positive correlations with TOC, specific surface area, and total pore volume. Parameter D₂ depends on only the clay mineral component content. Both parameters show a weak negative dependence on the average pore diameter. Fractal analysis can be used successfully to study the pore structure of shale gas reservoirs.

A drilling riser is a connecting channel in deep water drilling technology. The riser may undergo significant axial vibrations during disconnection, which in turn can lead to failure. In order to investigate the longitudinal vibration behavior of a drilling riser, we constructed a mathematical model based on the classical wave equations, solved using a finite-difference method. We have simulated the longitudinal vibration parameters for a riser under production conditions in the South China Sea as a function of location, top tension, damping coefficient, lower marine riser package (LMRP) weight, riser inner diameter, and riser length. The research results showed that longitudinal vibration increases with distance from the water surface to the LMRP and the vibration amplitude also increases with increasing top tension, riser inner diameter, and riser length, and decreases with increasing LAMP weight. As the damping coefficient increases, over time the vibration amplitude decreases compared with the initial value.

Increased production and processing of sulfur crudes has necessitated a comprehensive study of their compositions and properties because of the development of modern desulfurization technologies for oil fractions and the use of organosulfur compounds as new feedstocks for the petrochemical industry. Adsorptive separation of oil distillate into narrow fractions over ShSM silica gel was used to study the composition and properties of the organosulfur compounds. IR and mass spectroscopy found that organosulfur compounds from West Surgut oil fractions were aliphatic and cyclic sulfides without aromatic sulfides and thiophenes (alkyl-, cycloalkano-, bicycloalkanobenzothiophenes).

Thermal and photothermal chemiluminescence of hydrocarbons in heavy-oil residue (>500°C) from Balakhani oil was studied. The effects of substituted phenol inhibitors on the photooxidation efficiency of these hydrocarbons were examined. The mechanisms of thermal oxidation and photooxidation of these systems were discussed.

Effects of fluid-saturation variations on the acoustic parameters of reservoir rocks under simulated formation conditions are studied. Experimental velocities of ultrasonic waves traversing cores saturated with CO², formation water, and crude oil are measured at various temperatures and pressures and analyzed. Experimental results showed that the velocities of longitudinal and transverse waves in cores increased if the confining pressure and rock elasticity modulus increased. The transverse wave velocity did not depend on the saturating substance. The longitudinal wave velocity was greater for water saturation than for CO² and oil saturation.