Acoustic structure of alarm calls in Indian sambar (Rusa unicolor) and Indian muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis) in South Vietnam


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Abstract

The alarm call acoustic structure and nonlinear vocal phenomena of the Indian sambar (Rusa unicolor) and northern Indian muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis) have been analyzed in detail as well as their vocal behavior in response to mobbing humans under natural conditions of southern Vietnam. The alarm calls of sambars, tonal barks separated by large intervals, were produced by animals standing on the place and gazing at a potentially dangerous object. Muntjacs flee off in danger and produced a series of dull barks interrupted with short intervals from a distance. The alarm call frequencies were characterized for sambars and muntjacs. The results of our study have been compared with the published data on alarm calls of other Cervidae species.

About the authors

I. A. Volodin

Moscow State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: volodinsvoc@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

E. V. Volodina

Moscow Zoo

Email: volodinsvoc@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

R. Frey

Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research

Email: volodinsvoc@gmail.com
Germany, Leibniz

S. S. Gogoleva

Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution; Russian–Vietnamese Tropical Center; Zoological Museum of Moscow State University

Email: volodinsvoc@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow; Hanoi; Moscow

I. V. Palko

Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution; Russian–Vietnamese Tropical Center

Email: volodinsvoc@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow; Hanoi

V. V. Rozhnov

Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution

Email: volodinsvoc@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

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