Application of Experimental Tectonic Methods in Petroleum Geology on the Examples of Deposits in Western Siberia

Abstract

Modeling of the most common types formation of anticlinal and uplift-thrust tectonic structures was carried out with using optical polarization and tectonic-sedimentary methods based on seismic sections analysis of various areas and deposits located in the West Siberian oil and gas basin that were selected for examples. Experiments with using the optical-polarization method allowed us to research the nature of the stress-regime arising in the gelatin models of the sedimentary cover due to the growth of anticlinal blocks and uplift-thrust dislocations. By the level of tangential stresses and orientation of isoclines in optical models, zones of probable tectonogenic fracture and the direction of cracks are predicted. 2D tectonic-sedimentation modeling made possible to explain the mechanism of formation of “rootless” uplifts, zones of subsidence or decompression in sediments, the principle of tectonic “pump” function, and to obtain dependencies between size and shape of uplift, density and opening of cracks formed above, to calculate the value of fracture “porosity”, as well as lateral dimensions of zones of tectonogenic fracturing. 3D tectono-sedimentation modeling allowed to link hydrography of the earth surface of the simulated area with decompression of zones that came to the surface in the models. These zones of decompression can serve as a search sign for exploration of highly productive zones containing hydrocarbon deposits.