Evolution of liquid nitrogen supply modules in cooling systems for cryotherapy units
- Authors: Baranov A.Y.1, Sokolova E.V.1, Baranov V.A.2, Baranov I.A.2
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Affiliations:
- ITMO Univercity
- Research and production enterprise "KRION"
- Issue: Vol 114, No 1 (2025)
- Pages: 5-16
- Section: Reviews
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/0023-124X/article/view/357918
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/RF657511
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/KGUXJY
- ID: 357918
Cite item
Abstract
For over 25 years now, single cryotherapy units (cryosaunas) have been produced and used in clinical practice in the Russian Federation. Cryotherapy is a type of physiotherapy based on short-term contact of the entire surface of the human body's skin with a gaseous medium cooled to cryogenic temperatures. Reducing skin temperature through intensive heat transfer to the cryogenic gas (coolant) stimulates the skin's cold receptors and creates conditions for the treatment of some socially significant diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, asthma, allergy, etc. The main operational issue with such units is that the patient's skin releases a large amount of accumulated heat in contact with cryogenic gas. The most effective method to remove this heat flow is to use liquid nitrogen as a heat-receptive medium (cryogen). The world's first cryotherapy unit based on liquid nitrogen was used to discover and prove the effectiveness of cryotherapy. Then, the effectiveness of nitrogen refrigeration systems was questioned and they were replaced by compression refrigeration systems in some countries. In Russia, nitrogen refrigeration technology was developed and adapted to the design of single cryotherapy units. Thus, this cryosauna offers the highest cryotherapy efficacy with the lowest consumption of liquid nitrogen.
This work aimed to analyze liquid nitrogen supply units in the cryosauna refrigeration system and identify the most effective technology.
It was found that nitrogen refrigeration systems allow to remove a greater amount of heat with the lowest energy consumption. Moreover, no additional refrigeration equipment is required. Contact nitrogen refrigeration systems have lower thermal inertia and higher efficiency of liquid cryogen. It is proposed to use of an alternative cryogen in multi-seat cryotherapy units. Contact nitrogen refrigeration systems in single cryotherapy units is the most reasonable option in terms of power and technology.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Aleksandr Y. Baranov
ITMO Univercity
Email: abaranov@itmo.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9263-8153
SPIN-code: 1591-4442
Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Professor
Russian Federation, St. PetersburgEkaterina V. Sokolova
ITMO Univercity
Author for correspondence.
Email: evlogvinenko@itmo.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5127-9959
SPIN-code: 9397-9168
Cand. Sci. (Tech.)
Russian Federation, St. PetersburgVladimir A. Baranov
Research and production enterprise "KRION"
Email: baranov@krion.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-6067-4982
SPIN-code: 1944-4210
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg
Ivan A. Baranov
Research and production enterprise "KRION"
Email: baranov@krion.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-9795-4167
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg
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