Nosocomial pneumonia

Nosocomial pneumonia has the highest morbidity and mortality rates among all nosocomial infections. Current estimates show that the frequency of HAP is from 5 to 10 cases per 1000 hospitalizations. The length of hospital stay increases in patients with HAP by an average of 7-9 days per patient. HAP is the cause of approximately 25% of all infections in intensive care units and more than 50% of prescribed antibiotics. The time of onset may be a predictor of outcome, as early initiation of HAP is associated with a better prognosis, mainly due to bacteria that are more susceptible to antibacterial agents. Late onset of HAP (>5 days) is more often caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Although the HAP-related mortality rate can reach 30-70%, many seriously ill HAP patients die as a result of the underlying disease, not pneumonia. Despite significant advances in modern medicine and pharmacology, pneumonia continues to occupy a leading position in the structure of morbidity. This requires constant optimization of management tactics for patients with pneumonia in order to monitor the validity of pharmacotherapy for pneumonia in hospitals.