Mycology and Phytopathology

ISSN (print)0026-3648

Media registration certificate: No. FS 77 – 66715 dated July 28, 2016

Founder: Russian Academy of Sciences

Editor-in-Chief: Yuri Novozhilov

Number of issues per year: 6

Indexation: RISC, list of Higher Attestation Commissions, Scopus, CrossRef, White List (level 2)

"Mikologiâ i fitopatologiâ" is a peer-reviewed international journal, with a high standing in the scientific world. The journal is subscripted in the bibliographic database Scopus.

Founded in January 1967 by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, it is now published by the Biological Sciences Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS).

The journal is devoted to all fields of fungal science, including fungal diseases of plants. It publishes original articles, reviews, discussions, bibliographies and descriptions of new methods.

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Vol 59, No 2 (2025)

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БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЕ, СИСТЕМАТИКА, ЭКОЛОГИЯ

Diversity and structure of fungal and heterotrophic bacterial communities in surface bottom sediments of the Kara Sea
Vlasov D.Y., Bryukhanov A.L., Kirtsideli I.Y., Kurakov A.V.
Abstract

The study of fungal and prokaryotic communities in the unique ecosystems of the Arctic seas is very important for understanding global biogeochemical cycles and developing approaches to bioremediation of these ecosystems. Using high-throughput sequencing of the variable regions ITS1/ITS2 (in the fungal genome) and V3–V4 of the 16S rRNA gene (in the bacterial genome), the species composition and taxonomic structure of fungal and heterotrophic bacterial communities in the surface bottom sediments of the Kara Sea from depths of 16 to 417 m were studied. The fungal biome was dominated by operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the Ascomycota (more than 50% of ITS reads in each of the 12 samples), followed by the Basidiomycota division (10–20%). This mark for Сhytridiomycota did not exceed 2% of ITS reads. No significant differences in the mycobiome structure of the Kara Sea bottom sediments were found depending on the sampling depth. OTUs of the Sordariomycetes and Eurotiomycetes (Aspergillaceae) prevailed. Basidiomycetes are represented mainly by yeast organisms of the Filobasidiaceae, Malasseziaceae, Sporidiobolaceae, and Tremellaceae. According to fluorescence microscopy, the total number of fungal propagules was in the range of 207–546 thousand spores and mycelial fragments per 1 g of bottom sediment, and their minimum values were recorded at greater depths. All the studied stations were found to contain numerous aerobic heterotrophic bacteria belonging to various families, orders, and classes of the phyla Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, Bacteroidota, Verrucomicrobiota, Gemmatimonadota, Myxococcota, and Acidobacteriota. An interesting fact is the discovery of nucleotide sequences characteristic of strict anaerobes in these upper oxidized bottom sediments of the Kara Sea: sulfate-reducing bacteria from the phylum Thermodesulfobacteriota and chemoheterotrophic bacteria from the Anaerolineae (phylum Chloroflexota). The data obtained significantly expand our knowledge of the diversity of fungi and bacteria, key heterotrophic organisms – destructors of organic matter in the bottom sediments of the Arctic seas.

Mycology and Phytopathology. 2025;59(2):93-110
pages 93-110 views

ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ, БИОХИМИЯ, БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ

Study of physical properties of mycopolymers based on xylotrophic Agaricomycetes
Popyvanov D.V.
Abstract

Using renewable resources to create polymeric materials is one of the ways to achieve sustainable development goals. The currently used hydrocarbon-based plastics decompose over a long time, accumulating and causing environmental pollution. One way to solve the problem of plastic waste is to develop polymers based on plant materials. Mycopolymers are completely biodegradable polymers consisting of lingo-cellulose particles. Mycelia of xylotrophic basidiomycetes are the binding component. The resulting material can be used as insulation, packaging, or in the manufacture of interior items and furniture. The following xylotrophic agaricomycetes were studied in the work, Pleurotus eryngii, P. ostreatus, Trametes hirsuta, T. versicolor, T. pubescens, T. ochracea, Phellinus igniarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, F. betulina, Ganoderma lucidum, G. applanatum, Fomes fomentarius and two types of substrates based on wood waste Populus tremula and Betula pendula. The most durable mycopolymers were obtained on the basis of Ganoderma applanatum and F. fomentarius.

Mycology and Phytopathology. 2025;59(2):111-119
pages 111-119 views

PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI

Phoma-like fungi associated with Convolvulaceae plants
Gomzhina M.M., Gasich E.L.
Abstract

Phoma-like fungi is an extensive, non-taxonomic group of anamorphic ascomycetes, currently incorporating all micromycetes that were previously consumed as species of the genus Phoma. Didymellaceae is one of the largest families in the Pleosporales with a unique and underestimated biodiversity, encompassing main genera of Phoma-like fungi, namely Ascochyta, Didymella, Stagonosporopsis, etc. Several Convolvulaceae wild plants are widespread and one of the most harmful weeds, successful in many types of climates, are an exceptional source of biodiversity of Didymellaceae fungi. Phytosanitary examination of industrial fields, natural and ruderal areas has been carried out by authors from 1990 to the present. Leaves of Convolvulaceae plants (Calystegia inflata, Calystegia sepium, Calystegia sp., Convolvulus arvensis, Ipomoea purpurea) with symptoms of fungal etiology, namely leaf spots were collected in in different locations in Russia and neighboring countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan). As a result of monitoring, a rich collection of fungal Phoma-like strains (at least 200) has been created and maintained. The aim of this study was to identify 28 Didymellaceae spp. strains isolated from Convolvulaceae plants according to the consolidated species concept (CSC) by their phylogenetic, micromorphological, and cultural features. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis inferred from nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (28S) of ribosomal DNA, partial DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2), and β-tubulin (tub2) genes revealed well-supported monophyletic clades corresponding to 18 Didymellaceae species. Among them: Ascochyta erotica, Didymella americana, D. bellidis, D. glomerata, D. macrostoma, D. pomorum, D. pseudomacrophylla, D. segeticola, D. sinensis, D. tanaceti, Epicoccum convolvulicola, E. pseudoplurivorum, Nothophoma brennandiae, N. gossypiicola, Phomatodes nebulosa, Stagonosporopsis caricae, S. heliopsidis, and S. inoxydabilis. Plants of the Convolvulaceae family were recorded as substrates for all identified fungal species for the first time. Seven species were revealed in Russia for the first time D. bellidis, D. segeticola, D. sinensis. D. tanaceti, Nothophoma brennandiae, Phomatodes nebulosa, and Stagonosporopsis caricae. Stagonosporopsis heliopsidis for the first time was found in the Kazakhstan. Additionally to detailed phylogenetic data, the manuscript is accompained with a detailed description of the cultural and micromorphological features of all species.

Mycology and Phytopathology. 2025;59(2):120-153
pages 120-153 views
Assessment of fitness costs in Venturia inaequalis with difenoconazole resistance
Nasonov A.I., Yakuba G.V., Bardak M.V., Marchenko N.A.
Abstract

Venturia inaequalis (teleomorph Fusicladium dendriticum) is the cause of apple scab, a widespread and significantly damaging disease worldwide. In an integrated management system against Venturia inaequalis, including, for example, cultural approaches and the use of scab-resistant varieties, chemical fungicides remain the key to disease management. Limitations in the use of fungicides are associated with the development of resistance in pathogens. It is assumed that the development of adaptation in the fungus to the toxic effect of a fungicide may in some cases incur physiological costs, leading to a decrease in its fitness under conditions where this fungicide is absent from the environment. This phenomenon is called the fitness cost. The presence of a fitness cost in resistant forms provides a competitive advantage for susceptible fungal isolates in the absence of fungicide treatments, for example, when rotating a fungicide from one mode of action to another. Thus, the fitness cost allows one to control the development of resistance. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of fitness cost based on the “predicted fitness” parameters in vitro in two pathogen populations: sensitive and resistant to difenoconazole. We evaluated the following parameters in vitro: the EC50 of difenoconazole for isolates, the growth of isolates on artificial (Leroux medium) and natural (PGA) media, the sporulation rate in liquid cultures, the spore germination rate, and the growth of isolates under osmotic stress (addition of NaCl). It was shown that the studied populations differed significantly in their average EC50 values, which were 0.0088 mg/L for the sensitive population and 2.1954 mg/L for the resistant population. No fitness cost was detected for resistant V. inaequalis isolates based on any of the studied parameters. According to the correlation analysis, there was no relationship between the sensitivity of isolates and their parameters measured in vitro.

Mycology and Phytopathology. 2025;59(2):154-168
pages 154-168 views
Fungi of the genus Fusarium on tomato plants in Russia
Yarmeeva M.M., Chudinova E.M., Elanskaya A.S., Kokaeva L.Y., Elansky S.N.
Abstract

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops in Russia. Fungi of the genus Fusarium are among the most significant tomato pathogens, causing wilt and fruit rot. This study investigated the species composition and pathogenicity of Fusarium strains isolated from tomato plants across different regions of Russia using molecular methods. Tomato tissues samples exhibiting fungal disease symptoms were collected during the growing season from commercial open-field farms in the Moscow, Astrakhan, and Saratov regions, as well as the Krasnodar Territory. A total of 25 Fusarium strains were isolated: 19 strains were isolated from fruits, two from leaves, one from the stem and 3 from roots. DNA analysis of tef1α and β-tubulin regions identified nine species within three species complexes: the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti complex (F. citri, F. clavum, F. compactum, F. luffae), the Fusarium fujikuroi complex (F. annulatum, F. proliferatum), and the Fusarium oxysporum complex (F. curvatum, F. fabacearum, F. nirenbergiae). F. curvatum was isolated from the roots of a plant with wilt symptoms, while F. fabacearum was recovered from the roots of asymptomatic plants and from fruits. F. luffae was isolated from the stem of the plant with wilt symptoms and from diseased fruit. F. clavum strains were isolated from leaves with dark necrotic spots and from fruits. Strains of F. citri, F. clavum, F. compactum, F. annulatum, F. proliferatum, and F. nirenbergiae were isolated from fruits with fungal disease symptoms. All analyzed strains successfully infected tomato fruits and potato tubers in a spore suspension injection test. The most aggressive species were F. compactum and F. nirenbergiae, with F. compactum capable of infecting healthy fruits with intact skin. Strains of F. clavum also infected healthy tomato fruits, but the infection developed more slowly than with F. compactum. This study is the first to demonstrate the pathogenicity of F. compactum, F. annulatum, F. fabacearum, and F. nirenbergiae in tomatoes. These findings expand current knowledge on the diversity of Fusarium species associated with diseased tomato tissues.

Mycology and Phytopathology. 2025;59(2):169-180
pages 169-180 views

CHRONICLE

Towards the jubilee of doctor of biological sciences N.V. Mironenko
Mycology and Phytopathology. 2025;59(2):181-182
pages 181-182 views

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