Estimation of the Contribution of Size-Fractionated Phytoplankton in the Kara Sea to Primary Production and Chlorophyll a for Different Seasons
- Authors: Demidov A.B.1, Belevich T.A.2, Eremeeva E.V.1, Tiurina A.S.1, Vorobieva O.V.2,3, Artemiev V.A.1, Pronina J.O.1, Flint M.V.1
-
Affiliations:
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Russian Academy of Science
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanograph
- Issue: Vol 64, No 6 (2024)
- Pages: 934-949
- Section: Морская биология
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/0030-1574/article/view/284772
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0030157424060068
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/FIPMRO
- ID: 284772
Cite item
Abstract
Based on the data obtained during 7 expeditions (2017–2023) to the Kara Sea, seasonal variation in the contribution of phytoplankton size groups to the total values of primary production (PP) and chlorophyll a (Chl) are examined for the first time. Micro- and nanophytoplankton (MPh+NPh) (> 3 µm) dominated in the community composition during the entire ice-free period (June–October). Its predominance was especially noticeable during the spring “bloom” immediately after first-year sea-ice retreat (up to 97% for PP and up to 93% for Chl). The role of picophytoplankton (PPh) (< 3 µm) increased in summer (July, August) (up to 50% for PP and up to 44% for Chl) and decreased by the end of the growing season (September, October). Seasonal variation in the size composition of phytoplankton during the growing season was determined mainly by variability in water temperature and incoming solar radiation. The contribution of PPh to total Chl increased (up to 51%) at the depths of the deep chlorophyll maximum in July and August. The assimilation activity of PPh was higher than that of MPh+NPh in July–September, with an increase in its contribution to the total PP and Chl. For the first time, annual PP of the phytoplankton size groups in the Kara Sea was assessed, 8 ТgС (65%) for MPh+NPh and 5 ТgС (35%) for PPh.
About the authors
A. B. Demidov
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Russian Academy of Science
Author for correspondence.
Email: demspa@rambler.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow
T. A. Belevich
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Email: demspa@rambler.ru
Faculty of Biology
Russian Federation, MoscowE. V. Eremeeva
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Russian Academy of Science
Email: demspa@rambler.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow
A. S. Tiurina
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Russian Academy of Science
Email: demspa@rambler.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow
O. V. Vorobieva
Lomonosov Moscow State University; Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanograph
Email: demspa@rambler.ru
Faculty of Biology
Russian Federation, Moscow; MoscowV. A. Artemiev
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Russian Academy of Science
Email: demspa@rambler.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow
J. O. Pronina
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Russian Academy of Science
Email: demspa@rambler.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow
M. V. Flint
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Russian Academy of Science
Email: demspa@rambler.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow
References
- Белевич Т.А., Ильяш Л.В., Демидов А.Б., Флинт М.В. Распределение пикофитопланктона на Обском разрезе и в западной части Карского моря // Океанология. 2019. Т. 59. № 6. С. 964–973. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0030-1574596964-973
- Белевич Т.А., Милютина И.А., Демидов А.Б., Флинт М.В. Весенний пикофитопланктон Карского моря // Океанология. 2022. Т. 62. № 5. С. 743–753. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0030157422050021
- Демидов А.Б., Гагарин В.И., Еремеева Е.В. и др. Вертикальная изменчивость первичной продукции и хлорофилла в Карском море в середине лета: вклад подповерхностных максимумов в интегральные величины // Океанология. 2021. Т. 61. № 5. С. 737–752. https://doi.org/10.31857/S003015742105004X
- Демидов А.Б., Сергеева В.М., Гагарин В.И. и др. Первичная продукция и хлорофилл размерных групп фитопланктона Карского моря в период схода сезонного льда // Океанология. 2022. Т. 62. № 3. С. 403–415. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0030157422030030
- Демидов А.Б., Шеберстов С.В., Гагарин В.И. Оценка годовой величины первичной продукции Карского моря // Океанология. 2018. Т. 58. № 3. С. 391–403. https://doi.org/10.7868/S003015741803005X
- Демидов А.Б., Шеберстов С.В., Гагарин В.И., Хлебопашев П.В. Сезонная изменчивость первичной продукции фитопланктона Карского моря по спутниковым данным // Океанология. 2017. Т. 57. № 1. С. 103–117. https://doi.org/10.7868/S0030157417010026
- Acevedo-Trejos E., Brandt G., Merico A., Lan Smith S. Biogeographical patterns of phytoplankton community size structure in the oceans // Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 2013. V. 22. P. 1060–1070.
- Agawin N.S.R., Duarte C.M., Agush S. Nutrient and temperature control of the contribution of picoplankton biomass and production // Limnol. Oceanogr. 2000. V. 45. № 3. P. 591–600.
- Ardyna M., Babin M., Gosselin M. et al. Parameterization of vertical chlorophyll a in the Arctic Ocean: impact of the subsurface chlorophyll maximum on regional, seasonal and annual primary production estimates // Biogeosciences. 2013. V. 10. № 3. P. 1345–1399.
- Ardyna M., Gosselin M., Michel C. et al. Environmental forcing of phytoplankton community structure and function in the Canadian High Arctic: contrasting oligotrophic and eutrophic regions. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 2011. V. 442. P. 37–57.
- Arrigo K.R., van Dijken G.L. Continued increases in Arctic Ocean primary production // Progr. Oceanogr. 2015. V. 136. P. 60–70.
- Bouman H., Platt T., Sathyendranath S., Stuart V. Dependence of light-saturated photosynthesis on temperature and community structure // Deep-Sea Res. I. 2005. V. 52. P. 1284–1299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2005.01.008.
- Brown J.H., Gillooly J.F., Allen A.P. et al. Toward a metabolic theory of ecology // Ecology. 2004. V. 85. P. 1771–1789.
- Brown Z.W., Lowry K.E., Palmer M.A. et al. Characterizing the subsurface chlorophyll a maximum in the Chukchi Sea and Canada Basin // Deep-Sea Res. II. 2015. V. 118. P. 88–104.
- Brugel S., Nozais C., Poulin M. et al. Phytoplankton biomass and production in the southeastern Beaufort Sea in autumn 2002 and 2003 // Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 2009. V. 377. P. 63–77.
- Cermeño O.P., Estévez-Blanco P., Marañón E., Fernandez E. Maximum photosynthetic efficiency of size-fractionated phytoplankton assessed by 14C uptake and fast repetition rate fluorometry // Limnol. Oceanogr. 2005. V. 50. № 5. P. 1438–1446.
- Chisholm S.W. Phytoplankton size. In: Falkowski P.G., Woodhead A.D. (Eds.), Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea. New York: Springer, 1992. P. 213–237.
- Cota G.F., Pomeroy L.R., Harrison W.G. et al. Nutrients, primary production and microbial heterotrophy in the southeastern Chukchi Sea: Arctic summer nutrient depletion and heterotrophy // Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 1996. V. 135. P. 247–258.
- Cullen J.J. Subsurface chlorophyll maximum layers: enduring enigma or mystery solved? // Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. 2015. V. 7. P. 207–239.
- Demidov A.B., Belevich T.A., Sheberstov S.V. Optimal Assimilation Number of Phytoplankton in the Siberian Seas: Spatiotemporal Variability, Environmental Control and Estimation using a Region-Specific Model // J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023. V. 11. № 522. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11030522
- Demidov A.B., Gagarin V.I., Vorobieva O.V. et al. Spatial and vertical variability of primary production in the Kara Sea in July and August 2016: The influence of the river plume and subsurface chlorophyll maxima // Pol. Biol. 2018. V. 41. № 3. P. 563–578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2217-x
- Demidov A.B., Kostyleva A.V., Artemiev V.A. et al. Vertical distribution of primary production and chlorophyll a in the eastern Kara Sea: Relations with river plume effects in late summer and autumn // Cont. Shelf Res. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2024.105176
- Demidov A.B., Mosharov S.A., Makkaveev P.N. Patterns of the Kara Sea primary production in autumn: Biotic and abiotic forcing of subsurface layer // J. Mar. Sys. 2014. V. 132. P. 130–149.
- Demidov A., Sukhanova I., Belevich T. et al. Size-fractionated surface phytoplankton in the Kara and Laptev seas: environmental control and spatial variability // Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 2021. V. 664. P. 59–77. doi.org/10.3354/meps13652
- Estrada M., Bayer-Giraldi M., Felipe J. et al. Light and nutrient effects on microbial communities collected during spring and summer in the Beaufort Sea // Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 2009. V. 54. P. 217–231. https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01268
- Falkowski P.G., Stone D.P. Nitrate Uptake in Marine Phytoplankton: Energy Sources and the Interaction with Carbon Fixation // Mar. Biol. 1975. V. 32. P. 77–84.
- Finkel Z.V. Does phytoplankton cell size matter? The evolution of modern marine food webs. In: Falkowski P.G, Knoll A.H (Eds.) Evolution of Aquatic Photoautotrophs. San Diego, Academic Press: 2007. P. 333–350.
- Finkel Z.V., Beardall J., Flynn K.J. et al. Phytoplankton in a changing world: cell size and elemental stoichiometry. J. Plankton Res. 2010. V. 32. P. 119–137.
- Goldman J.C., McCarthy J.J., Peavey D.G. Growth rate influence on the chemical composition of phytoplankton in oceanic waters // Nature. 1979. V. 279. P. 210–215. https://doi.org/10.1038/279210a0.
- Grasshoff K., Kremling K., Ehrhardt M. Methods of seawater analysis, 3rd edn. New York: Wiley, 1999.
- Harrison W.G., Cota G.F. Primary production in polar waters: relation to nutrient availability // Polar Res. 1991. V. 10. P. 87–104. https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v10i1.6730.
- Holmes R.M., McClelland J.W., Peterson B.J. et al. Seasonal and annual fluxes of nutrients and organic matter from large rivers to the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas // Estuaries and Coasts. 2012. V. 35. P. 369–382.
- Holm-Hansen O., Lorenzen C.J., Holmes R.W., Strickland J.D.H. Fluorometric determination of chlorophyll // J. Cons. Perm. Int. Explor. Mer. 1965. V. 30. P. 3–15.
- Holm-Hansen O., Riemann B. Chlorophyll a determination: improvements in methodology // Oikos. 1978. V. 30. P. 438–447.
- Iserles A. A First Course in the Numerical Analysis of Differential Equations // Cambridge University Press, 2009, 459 p.
- Kahru M., Lee Z., Mitchell B.G., Nevison Cynthia D. Effects of sea ice cover on satellite-detected primary production in the Arctic Ocean // Biol. Lett. 2016. V. 12. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0223
- Kameda T., Ishizaka J. Size-fractionated primary production estimated by a two-phytoplankton community model applicable to ocean color remote sensing // J. Oceanogr. 2005. V. 61. P. 663–672.
- Kim Y., Youn S-H., Oh H-J. et al. Seasonal Compositions of Size-Fractionated Surface Phytoplankton Communities in the Yellow Sea // J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022. V. 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081087
- Kostadinov T.S., Siegel D.A., Maritorena S. Global variability of phytoplankton functional types from space: assessment via the particle size distribution // Biogeosciences. 2010. V. 7. P. 3239–3257.
- Kremer C.T., Thomas M.K., Litchman E. Temperature- and size-scaling of phytoplankton population growth rates: Reconciling the Eppley curve and the metabolic theory of ecology // Limnol. Oceanogr. 2017. V. 62. P. 1658–1670. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10523.
- Kudryavtseva E., Kravchishina M., Pautova L. et al. Sea ice as a factor of primary production in the European Arctic: phytoplankton size classes and carbon fluxes // J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023. V. 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11112131
- Le Quéré C., Harrison S.P., Prentice I.C. et al. Ecosystem dynamics based on plankton functional types for global ocean biogeochemistry models. Glob. Change. Biol. 2005. V. 11. P. 2016–2040.
- Li W.K.W., McLaughlin F.A., Lovejoy C., Carmack E.C. Smallest algae thrive as the Arctic Ocean freshens // Science. 2009. V. 326. P. 539.
- Lee S.H., Ryu J., Lee D. et al. Spatial variations of small phytoplankton contributions in the northern Bering Sea and the southern Chukchi Sea. GIScience Remote Sens. 2019. V. 56. P. 794–810. https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2019.1571265
- Lee S.H., Yun M.S., Jang H.K. et al. Size-differential photosynthetic traits of phytoplankton in the Chukchi Sea // Cont. Shelf Res. 2023. V. 255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2023.104933
- Lewis K.M., van Dijken G.L., Arrigo K.R. Changes in phytoplankton concentration now drive increased Arctic Ocean primary production // Science. 2020. V. 369. P. 198–202. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay8380
- Lohrenz S.E. Estimation of primary production by the simulated in situ method // ICES mar. Sci. Symp. 1993. V. 197. P. 159–171.
- Lyngsgaard M.M., Markager S., Richardson K. How well does chlorophyll explain the seasonal variation in phytoplankton activity? // Estuaries and Coasts. 2017. V. 40. P. 1263–1275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-017-0215-4
- Makkaveev P.N. The total alkalinity in the anoxic waters of the Black sea and in sea-river mixture zones. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission. Joint IOC-JGOFS CO2 Advisory Panel Meeting. Seven Session. Annex V. UNESCO, 1998.
- Marañón E. Phytoplankton size structure. In: Steele, J. H., Turekian, K., Thorpe, S. A. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences. Academic Press, Oxford: 2009.
- Marañón E. Cell size as a key determinant of phytoplankton metabolism and community structure // Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. 2015. V. 7. P. 241–64. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-015955
- Marañón E., Cermeño P., Latasa M., Tadonléké R.D. Temperature, resources, and phytoplankton size structure in the ocean // Limnol. Oceanogr. 2012. V. 57. № 5. P. 1266–1278. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2012.57.5.1266
- Martin J., Tremblay J.-E., Gagnon J. et al. Prevalence, structure and properties of subsurface chlorophyll maxima in Canadian Arctic waters // Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 2010. V. 412. P. 69–84.
- Mei Z.P., Legendre L., Gratton Y. et al. Phytoplankton production in the North Water Polynya: size-fractions and carbon fluxes, April to July 1998 // Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 2003. V. 256. P. 13–27.
- Millero F.J. Thermodynamics of the carbon dioxide system in oceans // Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta. 1995. V.59. № 4. P. 661–677.
- Moschonas G., Gowen R.J., Paterson R.F. et al. Nitrogen dynamics and phytoplankton community structure: the role of organic nutrients // Biogeochemistry. 2017. V. 134. P. 125–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533–017–0351–8.
- Mousing E.A, Ellegaard M., Richardson K. Global patterns in phytoplankton community size structure – evidence for a direct temperature effect // Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 2014. V. 497. P. 25–38.
- Mousing E.A., Richardson K., Ellegaard M. Global patterns in phytoplankton biomass and community size structure in relation to macronutrients in the open ocean // Limnol. Oceanogr. 2018. V. 63. P. 1298–1312.
- Moran X.A.G., Lopez-Urrutia A., Calvo-Diaz A., Li W.K.W. Increasing importance of small phytoplankton in a warmer ocean // Glob. Change Biol. 2010. V. 16. P. 1137–1144.
- Mouw C.B, Ciochetto A.B, Yoder J.A. A satellite assessment of environmental controls of phytoplankton community size structure // Global Biogeochem. Cycles. 2019. V. 33. P. 540–558.
- Nair A., Sathyendranath S., Platt T. et al. Remote sensing of phytoplankton functional types // Remote Sens. Environ. 2008. V. 112. P. 3366–3375.
- Pesant S., Legendre L., Gosselin M. et al. Size-differential regimes of phytoplankton production in the Northeast Water Polynya (77° – 81° N) // Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1996. V. 142. P. 75–86.
- Roy S., Sathyendranath S., Bouman H., Platt T. The global distribution of phytoplankton size spectrum and size classes from their light-absorption spectra derived from satellite data // Remote Sens. Environ. 2013. V. 139. P. 185–197.
- Richardson K., Bendtsen J., Kragh T., Mousing E.A. Constraining the distribution of photosynthetic parameters in the global ocean // Front. Mar. Sci. 2016. V. 3. № 269. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00269
- Richardson K., Markager S., Buch E. et al. Seasonal distribution of primary production, phytoplankton biomass and size distribution in the Greenland Sea // Deep-Sea Res. I. 2005. V. 52. P. 979–999.
- Robinson A., Bouman H.A., Tilstone G.H., Sathyendranath S. Size class dependent relationships between temperature and phytoplankton photosynthesis-irradiance parameters in the Atlantic Ocean // Front. Mar. Sci. 2018. V.4. № 435. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00435
- Schloss I.R., Nozais C., Mas S. et al. Picophytoplankton and nanophytoplankton abundance and distribution in the southeastern Beaufort Sea (Mackenzie Shelf and Amundsen Gulf) during Fall 2002 // J. Mar. Sys. 2008. V. 74. P. 978–993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.01.004
- Shiomoto A., Inoue K. Seasonal variations of size-fractionated chlorophyll a and primaryproduction in the coastal area of Hokkaido in the Okhotsk Sea // SN Applied Sciences. 2020. V. 2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-03739-2
- Sieburth J.M., Smetacek V., Lenz J. Pelagic ecosystem structure: heterotrophic compartments of the plankton and their relationship to plankton size fractions // Limnol. Oceanogr. 1978. V. 23. P. 1256–1263. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11768
- Simo-Matchim A.G, Gosselin M., Blais M. et al. Seasonal variations of phytoplankton dynamics in Nunatsiavut fjords (Labrador, Canada) and their relationships with environmental conditions // J. Mar. Sys. 2016. V. 156. P. 56–75.
- Song H., Ji R., Jin M. et al. Strong and regionally distinct links between ice-retreat timing and phytoplankton production in the Arctic Ocean // Limnol. Oceanogr. 2021. V. 66. P. 2498–2508.
- Steemann Nielsen E. The use of radioactive carbon (C14) for measuring organic production in the sea // J. Cons. Perm. Ins. Explor. Mer. 1952. № 18. P. 117–140.
- Steemann Nielsen E. Experimental methods for measuring organic production in the sea // Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer. 1958. V. 144. P. 38–46.
- Ting C.A.I., Qiang H.A.O., Youcheng B.A.I. et al. Variability of size-fractionated chlorophyll a in the high-latitude Arctic Ocean in summer 2020 // Adv. Polar Sci. 2022. V. 33. № 3. P. 253–266. https://doi.org/10.13679/j.advps.2021.0056
- Tiselius P., Belgrano A., Andersson L., Lindahl O. Primary productivity in a coastal ecosystem: a trophic perspective on a long-term time series // J. Plankton Res. 2016. V. 38. № 4. P. 1092–1102. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbv094.
- Tremblay J.-È., Robert D., Varela D.E. et al. Current state and trends in Canadian Arctic marine ecosystems: I. Primary production // Climatic Change. 2012. V. 115. Is. 1. P. 161–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0496-3
- Uitz J., Claustre H., Gentili B., Stramski D. Phytoplankton class‐specific primary production in the world’s oceans: Seasonal and interannual variability from satellite observations // Global Biogeochem. Cycles. 2010. V. 24. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GB003680
- Uitz J., Huot Y., Bruyant F. et al. Relating phytoplankton photophysiological properties to community structure on large scales // Limnol. Oceanogr. 2008. V. 53. № 2. P. 614–630.
- Vaulot D., Eikrem W., Viprey M., Moreau H. The diversity of small eukaryotic phytoplankton (< 3 µm) in marine ecosystems // FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 2008. V. 32. P. 795–820.
- Yun M.S., Chung K.H., Zimmerman S. et al. Phytoplankton productivity and its response to higher light levels in the Canada Basin // Pol. Biol. 2012. V. 35. P. 257–268.
Supplementary files
