Scientific foundations of the erosion and hydrological process management on sloping lands by formation of soil protection systems of adaptive landscape agriculture

The subject of this generalization and analysis is the results of our own research (over 60 years) and long-term literature data substantiating the conceptual directions, ways and principles, theoretical and practical provisions for the creation of highly effective erosion and hydrological process management systems, on which the foundations of anti-erosion land reclamation are based. The purpose of the study was to develop the scientific foundations for creating an erosion and hydrological process management system based on the adaptive landscape principle of agriculture. The methodological basis of our research was a system of methods used in soil protective land reclamation, soil science, agriculture, hydrology and other related sciences. The main method of our research was the method of stock platforms. The objects of research were natural and anthropogenic factors of runoff formation in the agrolands of the forest-steppe zone on gray forest soils (Orel region) and steppe zone on ordinary chernozems (Samara region) and light chestnut soils (Volgograd region). As a result, it was found that soil erosion protection should be based on the landscape principle of regulating the hydrological regime of the territory and creating adaptive landscape farming systems. The analysis of the theoretical foundations of the erosion and hydrological process allowed us to determine the general direction of searching for new ways and approaches to solving the problem of soil protection from erosion and developing fundamentally new effective anti-erosion techniques and measures, taking a new approach to assessing their role and creating highly efficient environmentally friendly management systems for this process. The scope of the results is the creation of an erosion and hydrological process management system based on adaptive landscape farming in vast territories of the forest-steppe and steppe zones of the European part of the Russian Federation. When creating control systems for the erosion and hydrological process on an adaptive landscape basis, it is necessary to rely on knowledge of the patterns of relief formation and formation of cover sediments, the theory of interaction of meltwater with frozen soil, the law of limiting runoff factors, and the concept of ice shield formation.

soil erosion, relief formation, territory organization, watershed management, soil protection