Histopathological Changes of Hepatorenal Toxicity Induced by Gentamicin in Killifish, Aphanius hormuzensis (Aphaniidae) and its Kidney Regeneration Through Nephron Neogenesis

Abstract

The histopathological changes in liver and kidney toxicity after induction by gentamicin are studied in killifish, Aphanius hormuzensis, and its kidney regeneration through nephron neogenesis is reported for the first time. The adult fish are subjected to nephrotoxic antibiotic, gentamicin, at a sub-lethal dose (10 µg/g), and their liver and kidney tissues are sampled daily for two weeks. Liver histopathology shows that this dosage causes hepatotoxicity effect. The hepatocytes are swollen and detached from each other. Moreover, the endothelial layer of blood vessels is damaged, and the appearance of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) increases. The renal toxicity is detected in 10 h post injection, and the damage is observed in the epithelial layer of renal tubes. Renal damage is followed by cyst formation in 5 days post injection (dpi). The nephron neogenesis sign is detected by nephrogenic body formation in 7 dpi, and tubular segments of newly formed nephron is observed in 9 dpi. Gentamicin causes hepatorenal toxicity, and the kidney regenerates through nephron neogenesis in 10 days.