


Vol 59, No 6 (2016)
- Year: 2016
- Articles: 9
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/0033-8443/issue/view/15149
Article
Ionospheric Effects of a Solar Eclipse of March 20, 2015 on Oblique Sounding Paths in the Eurasian Longitudinal Sector
Abstract
The results of measuring HF signals on oblique chirp sounding paths in the Eurasian region during a solar eclipse of March 20, 2015 and the neighboring days are presented. The solar eclipse took place against the background of a strong magnetic storm. It was established that during the solar eclipse on oblique sounding paths of different length and orientation the decrease in the maximum observable frequency for the F mode (MOF-F) and the lowest observable frequency for the F mode (LOF-F) was 8–14% and 22–33%, respectively. During the eclipse, the signal amplitude increased by 3–5 dB. On the Lovozero—Nizhny Novgorod path in the maximum phase of the solar eclipse, the electron density decrease in the ionospheric E and F2 layers at the midpoint of the path reached 37% and 22%, respectively. According to the MOF and LOF variation measurements for various modes, the group delay time of radio signals, and the results of spectral analysis, it was found that in the eclipse there were wave disturbances with a period of 25 to 50 min. However, quasi-periodic variations of MOF-F and LOF-F having a a period of 50 to 80 min but which started before the eclipse were detected on some paths. Probably, in these cases, the variations were a result of the superposition of disturbances from two sources, namely, the magnetic storm and the solar eclipse.



Multistability of the Roller Structures of Parametrically Excited Capillary Waves in the Case of Polygonal Boundaries
Abstract
We experimentally study the dynamics of the roller structures of the parametrically excited capillary waves with polygonal boundaries. The possibility of existence of many stable roller regimes, which differ only by the roller orientation in space, is revealed. Their stability in the case of the roller angular deviation from the equilibrium state is studied. The model of the observed phenomenon is proposed. The numerical calculations performed on the basis of this model are in good agreement with experimental results.



Generalized Discrete Model of Systems with Distributed Feedback Based on Surface Acoustic Waves
Abstract
We have developed a self-consistent physical model that improves the accuracy of calculating the characteristics of the devices based on both surface and pseudosurface acoustic waves. The model is free from restrictions inherent in the well-known method of coupled modes and other phenomenological methods for studying distributed systems. The compact relationships describing all the characteristics of the acoustoelectric transducers of all types with allowance for the possible directionality of their radiation and its propagation loss are obtained using analytical solution of the difference equations. The method for determining the spatial orientation of the elastic-polarization ellipse in an anisotropic crystal, which allows one to unambiguously calculate the phase shift between the oscillations of two coupled dynamical subsystems, i.e., elastic displacements and the corresponding electric field, is proposed. The obtained results, which considerably facilitate the task of fast and accurate design of various devices on the basis of surface and pseudosurface acoustic waves, are valid in the general case for any frequency, including the harmonics of the frequency of the fundamental acoustic synchronism.



Mechanisms of Čerenkov Superradiance of Extended Electron Bunches in Oversized Corrugated Waveguides
Abstract
We propose to use the effect of Čerenkov superradiance of the electromagnetic field by extended electron bunches, which move linearly in oversized corrugated waveguides, for generation of multimegawatt subnanosecond pulses in the short-wave part of the millimeter-wavelength band. Various mechanisms of generation of superradiance pulses are considered, including excitation of volume waves in the case of electron synchronism with a decelerated spatial harmonic, as well as excitation of copropagating and counterpropagating surface waves. The analysis was performed both within the framework of the quasioptical approximation and on the basis of direct modeling by the particle-in-cell method.



Gain and Efficiency of a Superconducting Microwave Compressor with a Switching Cavity in an Interference Switch
Abstract
We study the processes of radiation output from a microwave storage cavity through a superconducting interference switch, which is based on a H-junction with a superconducting switching cavity connected to the side branch of the junction for various ways of controlling the parameters of the switching cavity. It is shown that efficient control over radiation output in such a switch can be achieved by varying the resonance frequency or Q-factor of the switching cavity, as well as by varying these parameters simultaneously. It is found that in the case of controlling the resonance frequency of the switching cavity, there exists an optimal interval of the frequency variation, within which the total efficiency and extraction efficiency are maximum. When the Q-factor of the switching cavity changes, the dependence of the total efficiency and extraction efficiency on the Q-factor has the monotonic character. The mixed regime of radiation output control is also studied. The envelopes of the output compressor pulses are plotted on the basis of recurrent relationships between the amplitudes of the waves in the system for three regimes of switch operation. It is shown that pulses with an almost rectangular shape of the envelope can be formed in the regime of controlling the switching cavity by varying the Q-factor. An example of possible realization of the switching cavity is considered.



Studying the Influence of Opening Angles of Planar Short Slot Microwave Antennas on Their Electrodynamic Characteristics
Abstract
We study the characteristics of planar symmetric slot antennas with linearly expanding openings, whose dimensions are comparable with a radiation wavelength of 30 mm. The radiation patterns of the antennas under consideration are calculated experimentally, measured experimentally, and analyzed for opening angles of 60°, 90°, and 120°. The influence of the antenna opening angle on the directivity of the antennas is revealed. The experimentally measured antenna radiation patterns are found to agree well with the developed mathematical models at the frequencies (10 ± 2) GHz.



Regimes of Generation in Low-Q Distributed-Feedback Lasers with Strong Inhomogeneous Broadening of the Active Medium
Abstract
We study the influence of the ratio between the relaxation rates of the field in a cavity and the polarization of active centers on the dynamic properties of the distributed-feedback lasers by means of 1D numerical simulation. The model of a two-level active medium with strong inhomogeneous broadening of the spectral line under CW wide-band pumping that provides two- or several-mode lasing in the vicinity of the Bragg photonic band gap is used. Evolution of the dynamic spectra and oscillograms of the laser emission with decreasing Q-factor of the Bragg resonator is analyzed. It is shown, in particular, that under conditions of the dominant role of the superradiant effects, there are unique opportunities for control of both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of lasing, including the spectral width, duration, and coherence length of various pulse components of the output radiation.



The ⋋ Structure of the Heat Capacity of an Ideal Gas in the Critical Region of Bose–Einstein Condensation for Various Mesoscopic Traps
Abstract
The features of the ⋋ structure of the heat capacity of an ideal gas of Bose atoms, which is confined in arbitrarily shaped and sized mesoscopic traps, are considered on the basis of a general exact description of the Bose–Einstein condensation. The main attention is paid to the boundarycondition role in the critical region, in which the heat capacity is described by a self-similar function that is sensitive to perturbations of the confining potential and the boundary-condition variation. Various traps, which allow one to experimentally study the influence of the boundary conditions on the shape of the ⋋ structure of the heat capacity and observe variations in other thermodynamic parameters due to the corresponding rearrangement of the self-similar structure of the critical region, are considered.



Correct Determination of Hysteresis of Nonlinear Current-Voltage Characteristics of Spin Valves, Magnetic Tunnel Junctions, or Memristors
Abstract
Until now, significant progress has been made in synthesizing the current-switched structure of spin valves and magnetic tunnel junctions with hysteresis dependences of the resistance on the current. These structures are of interest for creation of small-size electronic memory. However, hysteresis of resistance, which is usually presented in publications, does not correspond to physical principles. In this paper, we show how the hysteresis dependence of the resistance on the current, or the conductance on the voltage, which does not contradict the energy conservation law, and the corresponding current–voltage characteristic should look like. As an example, we present the experimental current–voltage characteristic of the CO2MnSi/MgO/Co2MnSi magnetic tunnel junction, which agrees with the model hysteresis dependences.


