Forecasting the propagation of long, medium and short radio waves over the impedan ice-sea structure

The field of a vertical electric dipole over a flat impedance surface is considered. Formulas for calculating the attenuation function of the ground wave field over real impedance underlying media are presented. The reduced surface impedance is determined at the boundary of the “ground-air” media and is expressed by the ratio of the tangential components of the electric and magnetic fields. For layered underlying media, the surface impedance is calculated using a recurrent formula that takes into account the thickness and electrical properties of each layer (dielectric constant and resistivity). The effects associated with the presence of a surface electromagnetic wave (SEW), when the electromagnetic field exhibits a clearly expressed surface character, are established. It is shown that the conditions for the propagation of long, medium and short radio waves over the “ice-sea” structure with a highly inductive impedance are more favorable than over an ideally conducting medium due to the occurrence of SEW.