Vol 145, No 1 (2025)

Cover Page

Full Issue

Articles

Identification of Gelatinases in Prostate Cancer Cells

Akentieva N.P., Gizatullin A.R., Shushanov S.S.

Abstract

Prostate cancer remains one of the most common oncological diseases among men. Gelatinases, such as MMP-13 and MMP-7, play a key role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and metalloproteinases are considered as potential biomarkers and targets for prostate cancer diagnosis and therapy. The study used gelatin zymography to assess gelatinase activity in the PC-3 prostate cancer cell line. The results showed the presence of protein bands corresponding to gelatinase activity in the size range of 20, 28 and 37 kDa, which coincides with the activity of MMP-13, MMP-7 and PSA in PC-3 cells. The results showed the presence of protein bands corresponding to the proteolytic activity of gelatinases in the size range of 20, 28 and 37 kDa, which coincides with the activity of MMP-13, MMP-7 and PSA. Thus, gelatinases MMP-13, MMP-7 and PSA were identified in prostate cancer cells, which can be used as markers of aggressiveness and progression of prostate cancer.

Uspehi sovremennoj biologii. 2025;145(1):3-10
pages 3-10 views

The Gut Microbiome and Age-Related Diseases

Shilovsky G.A., Sorokina E.V., Akhaev D.N.

Abstract

The gut microbiome (community of microorganisms) in the human body has an enormous impact on human physiology in both healthy and pathological states. It can influence human health either directly by secreting biologically active substances such as vitamins, bactericins, essential amino acids, lipids, etc., or indirectly by modulating metabolic processes and the immune system. The composition of the microbiota is determined by genetic predisposition and the microbiome obtained in childhood from the mother and the environment, which may change during life under the influence of external and internal factors. The most noticeable deviations of the human microbiome undergoes in infancy and then in old age, when immunity is also in the weakest and most unstable state, which can lead to the development of various pathologies. When correcting various pathological conditions and when used in the complex treatment of diseases, the use of probiotics and prebiotics is recommended. The development of test systems of biologically active substances affecting the human microbiome makes it possible to determine the biological activity of individual strains and to design new generation preparations for prolonging healthy longevity. Such developments are another step towards personalised medicine.

Uspehi sovremennoj biologii. 2025;145(1):11-19
pages 11-19 views

Dependence of Clinostatic and Orthostatic Cardiointervalography Parameters on the Duration (Volume) of Training and Competition Loads of Aerobic and Anaerobic Nature of an Elite Racer-Skier

Kataev D.A., Tsirkin V.I., Trukhin A.N., Trukhina S.I.

Abstract

Elite cross-country skier K.D., a member of the men’s national team of the Republic of Tatarstan, Master of sports of Russia, had his heart rate variability (HRV) recorded sequentially (for 5 minutes) almost daily during two ski seasons (2018–2019 and 2019–2020) during the preparatory, competitive and transition periods under conditions of clinostasis and then under conditions of active orthostasis. The values of 8 spectral and 6 temporal indicators of clino-HRV and ortho-HRV were compared (taking into account the five “working pulse” zones) with the total duration of the load (TDL1-5), as well as with the duration of aerobic (DL1-3) or anaerobic (DL4-5) loads. It was shown that during endurance training the influence of the sympathetic division (SD) of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) on the heart increases, and especially the influence of the parasympathetic division (PD) of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), including due to the appearance of non-neuronal acetylcholine (NN-ACh) synthesis in cardiomyocytes as a component of the anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory system. It was established that the nature of the statistically significant dependence of the medians (11 out of 14) of the HRV indicators on the total duration of the load (TDL1-5), as well as on the duration of aerobic (DL1-3) or anaerobic (DL4-5) loads in elite cross-country skier K.D., depends on the conditions under which the HRV is recorded – in clinostasis or in active orthostasis. The change in the nature of the dependence of the HRV parameters under active orthostasis is explained by the presence of non-neuronal acetylcholine (NN-ACh), the synthesis of which by cardiomyocytes occurs during endurance training. Based on the nature of the change in the dependence of the medians of the HRV parameters on the duration of training or competitive loads observed during active orthostasis (in comparison with clinostasis), 9 criteria for the presence of NN-ACh synthesis in the heart of an athlete training for endurance are proposed.

Uspehi sovremennoj biologii. 2025;145(1):20-34
pages 20-34 views

The α-Tocopherol Status in American Mink (Neogale vison) Selected for Behavior

Baishnikova I.V., Trapezov O.V., Kalinina S.N., Zaitseva I.A., Nekrasova M.A., Stepanova M.A.

Abstract

One of the reasons for the physiological and biochemical changes in the body of animals that occur as a result of selection for a defensive reaction toward humans is the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system. An aggressive response, raising the level of stress in the body, contributes to the disruption of redox balance. However, data on the content of the main natural antioxidant vitamin E in mammals undergoing selection for behavior are limited. This study was designed to determine the content of a-tocopherol in American mink selected to eliminate (“domestic” or tame) or promote (aggressive) defensive reactions toward humans for 22–23 generations. We studied 4 groups (n = 10 in each) of 11-month-old male standard dark brown mink with varying degrees of aggressive (groups –2, –3) or tame (groups +3, +6) behavior. The content of a-tocopherol in the blood serum, liver, kidneys, heart, skeletal muscle, spleen was determined by HPLC. Aggressive mink have lower levels of a-tocopherol in the blood serum and liver, which reflect the vitamin E content in the body. In most cases, differences were found between mink of the most aggressive and the most “domestic” groups. These results can be associated with features of the neuroendocrine system responsible for aggressive behavior, which affect the processes of metabolism and depletion of a-tocopherol in the body.

Uspehi sovremennoj biologii. 2025;145(1):35-43
pages 35-43 views

Prospects for the Creation of Tarsier’s Populations ex situ

Ruchkina Z.S.

Abstract

The limited distribution of tarsiers and their strict adherence to tropical forests, which are subject to extensive degeneration, puts all taxonomic groups of tarsiers at risk of extinction. Therefore, one of the ways to preserve tarsiers may be to create viable populations of them, bred in artificial conditions. Taking into account this problem, the article examines the issues of systematics, ecology, biology, morphology, anatomy, as well as the experience of keeping, feeding and producing offspring of oriental (Tarsius), Western (Cephalopachus) and Philippine (Carlito) tarsiers from the point of view of creating optimal conditions for their stay in a zoo.

Uspehi sovremennoj biologii. 2025;145(1):44-66
pages 44-66 views

Assessment of Exterior Indicators of Parental and Hybrid Forms of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus

Klimuk A.A., Beketov S.V., Nikiforov-Nikishin A.L., Kochetkov N.I.

Abstract

This article presents a comparative study of morphometric exterior parameters of African catfish Clarias gariepinus of parental forms (Mikhailovskaya and Taman breeds) with their hybrid offspring of the first two generations and one second generation. Nonparametric analysis (U Mann–Whitney criterion) revealed significant differences between the average values of the five samples for 12 of 17 morphometric measurements. It was found that hybrid individuals of the first and second generations have a different exterior phenotype from the parental one and are characterized by an elongated body, an elongated tail and a large head size. In the course of the subsequent principal components analysis two large clusters were revealed, the first of which was formed by individuals of the parental groups (Mikhailovskaya, Tamanskaya), and the second was formed by hybrid generations. In this case, the hybrid individuals formed a rather heterogeneous group, in which the F1 hybrids of the first and second generations were similar and sufficiently consolidated. The individuals of the first generation, selected by the “growth rate” trait, demonstrated significant variability. The results show that the variability of the exterior indicators of the cultivated lines of C. gariepinus of the Mikhailovskaya and Tamanskaya breeds did not undergo significant changes during their isolated cultivation in conditions of a closed water supply cycle, and the hybrids obtained from their crossing, taking into account the higher average weight, are characterized by improved morphometric indicators and can be used to increase the yield of commercial products or in further selection programs for developing new breeds.

Uspehi sovremennoj biologii. 2025;145(1):67-75
pages 67-75 views

Adaptive Reactions of Pigment Complex of Pine Needles in Conditions of Various Types of Pollution of the South Ural Region

Urazbahtin A.A., Urazgil’din R.V.

Abstract

A qualitative assessment of the adaptive reactions of the pine needles pigment complex under conditions of various types of industrial pollution of the South Ural region is given. The study area: Sterlitamak Industrial Center (SIC, aerotechnogenic polymetallic pollution), Karabash Copper Smelting Plant (KCSP, aerotechnogenic polymetallic pollution combined with sulfur dioxide), Uchaly Mining and Processing Plant (UMPP, polymetallic pollution in the conditions of dumps of copper-pyrite mining industry), Kumertau brown coal mine (KBCM, polymetallic pollution in the conditions of dumps of brown coal industry), Ufa Industrial Center (UIC, aerotechnogenic petrochemical pollution). It shown the pigment complex balance under UMPP conditions and imbalance under SIC, KCSP, KBCM and UIC conditions, which is expressed in the lack of coherence between the adaptive reactions of pigments and pigment ratios. The consistency between adaptive reactions of pigments and pigment ratios under UMPP conditions and the lack of consistency under SIC, KCSP, KBCM and UIC conditions is shown. Despite the lack of consistency, a common adaptive reaction is clearly distinguished for each industrial center: in the SIC and KCSP the pigment complex is characterized by a “neutral” adaptive reaction, in the KBCM – by a “moderately-tolerant”, in the UIC – by a “tolerant”, in the UMPP – by a “moderately-stressful”. According to the degree of increase in imbalance in the pigment complex the industrial centers form a series of increases: SIC and UIC → KCSP → KBCM. With the exception of UMPP, in all industrial centers, the ratio Chl a/Chl b demonstrates the absence of differences between pollution and control, which characterizes the stable balance of chlorophylls, but in conditions of copper-pyrite dumps there is a decrease in the share of Chl a with an increase in the share of Chl b is observed, which defines this type of pollution as a more significant stress factor for pine. The ratio (Chl a + Chl b)/Carotenoids is characterized by a lack of balance in all types of pollution, and pollution in the UMPP and SIC are defines as more significant stress factors for pine.

Uspehi sovremennoj biologii. 2025;145(1):76-90
pages 76-90 views

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